Interpretability, explainability, and transparency are key issues to introducing artificial intelligence methods in many critical domains. This is important due ethical concerns trust strongly connected reliability, robustness, auditability, fairness, has consequences toward keeping the human loop high levels of automation, especially cases for decision making, where both (human machine) play r...

Initial-state and final-state interactions which are conventionally neglected in the parton model, have a profound effect in QCD hard-scattering reactions. The effects, which arise from gluon exchange between the active and spectator quarks, cause leading-twist single-spin asymmetries, diffractive deep inelastic scattering, diffractive hard hadronic reactions, and the breakdown of the Lam-Tung ...

Deep reinforcement learning algorithms that estimate state and state-action value functions have been shown to be effective in a variety of challenging domains, including learning control strategies from raw image pixels. However, algorithms that estimate state and state-action value functions typically assume a fully observed state and must compensate for partial or non-Markovian observations ...