The lack of consistency ofmuch medical judgment and decision making has long been appreciated. This is now recognised as an important source of error, and attempts to quantify it have been enhanced by an increasingly sophisticated statistical toolbox at the disposal of the clinical investigator. Variability in measurement and classification may arise from two sources, (a) a lack of consistency ...

Stirrup and Underwood make their argument for SPECT imaging from the perspective of ‘‘If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it.’’ They acknowledge the historic value of myocardial perfusion SPECT, as well as the limitations of SPECT technology. Their comments only partially reflect the societal yearning for more precise answers about the presence, extent, and prognosis of patients with coronary artery d...

Implicit in the idea of medical audit are two notions: the quantifying of medical practice in terms of treatment, procedures, outcomes, and complications; and the use of these data to exact some form of accountability. Therefore some sort of objective monitoring, or quality control, of practices or procedures is needed so that periods of suboptimal performance in relation to an agreed standard ...

Background: The Sense of Competence Questionnaire (SCQ) was originally developed for informal caregivers of patients with diagnosed dementia. In order to study the validity and usefulness of the SCQ when applied to informal caregivers of older adults with dementia symptoms (i.e. cognitive impairment, pre-diagnostic dementia or dementia in its early stages), we investigated the construct validit...

islam has presented principles and foundations for the man’s guidance and perfection, and the prophet (p.b.u.h) tried very hard to promote and develop these principles in his time. after the holy prophet (p.b.u.h) passed away, each of the imams (p.b.u.h) under the dominated circumstances of his era, followed the practice of the prophet (p.b.u.h) and tried to develop and use the islamic programs...

PHIL 625 Philosophy of Psychology 3(3,0) Detailed examination of psychology as an autonomous science. Issues include explanation in psychology and cognitive neuroscience, psychology naturalized as a “special science” comparable to biology and geology, evolutionary psychology, philosophy and psychopathology, and moral issues in psychology. Preq: Nine hours of psychology or consent of instructor....

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively controls HIV infection, suppressing HIV viral loads. However, some residual virus remains, below the level of detection, in HIV-infected patients on ART. The source of this viremia is an area of debate: does it derive primarily from activation of infected cells in the latent reservoir, or from ongoing viral replication? Observations seem to be contradict...

August 2005 | Volume 2 | Issue 8 | e227 The Free by 5 declaration (http:⁄⁄www.ukzn.ac.za/heard/ freeby5/freeby5.htm), launched in November 2004, is a campaign to achieve free access for all individuals with HIV to a comprehensive minimum medical package including antiretroviral treatment (ART). The declaration was developed in response to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United...

This paper reviews the current state of knowledge, advances and challenges in short-wave earth radiation budget (ERB) studies and the cloud absorption anomaly (CAA) debate. The ERB issues deal exclusively with the solar energy disposition between the atmosphere, clouds and the surface. The ERB and its disposition have been derived from surface observations, satellite remote sensing and general ...

HIV-related stigma has a major impact on the health and psychosocial wellbeing of HIV-infected children and youths. While there is some debate about the extent to which improved access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) contributes to a reduction in HIV stigma, we know little about how adolescents who know their HIV status and who are enrolled in ART experience and cope with stigma. The aim of the...