A gene, CmCDR1, encoding an ABC transporter of the dicarboxylic acid (DCA)-producing yeast Candida maltosa was cloned. Transcription of CmCDR1 was upregulated in a DCA-hyper-producing mutant of C. maltosa in a later phase of culture on n-dodecane, but not in its parental strain. CmCDR1 expression was significantly induced by the longer-chain DCA in this mutant.

Apoptosis resistance is a hallmark of cancer cells. Typically, bile acids induce apoptosis. However during gastrointestinal (GI) tumorigenesis the cancer cells develop resistance to bile acid-induced cell death. To understand how bile acids induce apoptosis resistance we first need to identify the molecular pathways that initiate apoptosis in response to bile acid exposure. In this study we exa...

Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is an important cause of sudden cardiac arrest following myocardial infarction. Following resuscitation from VF, decreased cardiac contractile function is a common problem. During and following myocardial ischemia, decreased glucose oxidation, increased anaerobic glycolysis for cardiac energy production are harmful and energetically expensive. The objective of the ...

BACKGROUND Previous directional coronary atherectomy (DCA) trials have shown no significant reduction in angiographic restenosis, more in-hospital complications, and higher 1-year mortality than conventional balloon angioplasty (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty [PTCA]). DCA, however, has subsequently evolved toward a more "optimal" technique (larger devices, more extensive tissue ...

Overwhelming hypoxic acidosis due to poor tissue oxygen delivery from low cardiac output, pulmonary failure, and other causes has devastating effects postoperatively on patient outcome. Whereas conventional therapeutics often can not reverse the downward spiral of these patients, dichloroacetate (DCA) has been shown to be beneficial. This study investigated the metabolic and hemodynamic effects...

Recent studies suggested that lactate accumulation can be a signal for mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle. We investigated whether reductions in lactate concentrations in response to dichloroacetate (DCA), an activator of pyruvate dehydrogenase, attenuate mitochondrial adaptations after exercise training in mice. We first confirmed that DCA administration (200 mg/kg BW by i.p. injectio...

BACKGROUND C9, a newly in silico-designed inhibitor of microtubule dynamics induces G2/M arrest culminating in apoptosis. Dichloroacetate (DCA) inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, an enzyme that promotes pyruvate entry into mitochondria. The use of antitumor drugs targeting different cancer features can be a more effective way to overcome drug resistance. METHODS The influence of C9 (130 ...

The Dendritic Cell algorithm (DCA) is inspired by recent work in innate immunity. In this paper a formal description of the DCA is given. The DCA is described in detail, and its use as an anomaly detector is illustrated within the context of computer security. A port scan detection task is performed to substantiate the influence of signal selection on the behaviour of the algorithm. Experimenta...

A novel hybrid structure of bimetallic dicyanamide decorated BiVO4 is developed via a simple method to accelerate interfacial water oxidation kinetics. Two types dicyanamides, CoNi(dca)2 and CoFe(dca)2, are coated on photoanodes found exhibit far more enhanced PEC performance than Co(dca)2 or Ni(dca)2 as cocatalysts. The successful deposition metal dicyanamides confirmed by physical characteriz...

Dichloroacetic acid (DCA) is carcinogenic to the B6C3F(1) mouse and the F344 rat. Given the carcinogenic potential of DCA in rodent liver and the known concentrations of this compound in drinking water, reliable biologically based models to reduce the uncertainty of risk assessment for human exposure to DCA are needed. Development of such models requires identification and quantification of pre...