Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is commonly applied as a secondary disinfection process in chlorinated pools. UV-based systems have been reported to yield improvements in swimming pool water and air chemistry, but to date these observations have been largely anecdotal. The objectives of this investigation were to evaluate the effects of UV irradiation on chlorination of important organic-N precurs...

BACKGROUND Bladder cancer has been linked with long-term exposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water. OBJECTIVES In this study we investigated the combined influence of DBP exposure and polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferase (GSTT1, GSTZ1) and cytochrome P450 (CYP2E1) genes in the metabolic pathways of selected by-products on bladder cancer in a hospital-based case-contr...

dissolved organic nitrogen (don) can react with disinfectants to produce numerous disinfectionbyproducts (dbps), particularly nitrogen-containing dbps (n-dbps), and produce serious adverse effectson public health. widely used biological processes in drinking water treatment can increase don in effluents,and enhance these ill effects. this study investigated don in a full-scale two-stage ozonati...

the removal of organic precursors of disinfection by-products (dbps), i.e. natural organic matter (nom), prior to disinfection is considered as the most effective approach to minimise the formation of dbps. trihalomethanes (thms) as the main group of dbps are categorized and considered to have the potentiality of increasing the rate of liver, kidney and cns adverse effects. this study which pre...

Inhalation exposure to haloacetic acids (HAAs) and haloketones (HKs) in contaminated drinking water occurs during showering. The size distribution of the aerosols generated by a shower was determined using an eight size-range particle counter, which measured particles from 0.1 to >2 microm. An exponential increase in aerosol numbers was observed while the shower water was on, while the aerosol ...

Coastal utilities exploiting mildly saline groundwater (<150 mg/L chloride) may be challenged by disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation, a concern likely to increase with sea-level rise. Groundwater from North Carolina coastal aquifers is characterized by large variations in concentrations of halides (bromide up to 10,600 μg/L) and dissolved organic carbon (up to 5.7 mg-C/L). Formation of 33 re...

ABSTRACT The use of pre-sprouted seedlings in the implantation sugarcane crops not only reduces establishment period and production costs, but also has other advantages, such as a lesser requirement propagules (stems) greater phytosanitary control seedlings, when compared to conventional planting. Commercial substrates are expensive their increases cost seedlings. This study aimed evaluate qual...

The spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) caused by biofilm growth in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) poses a serious threat to human health. influence disinfection by-products (DBPs) on the ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) different phases (biofilms water) DWDSs is unclear. In this study, characteristics microbial indices, trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAA...

Abstract This study compared 3 commonly used quenching agents for dechlorinating samples prior to disinfection byproduct (DBP) analysis under typical drinking water sampling conditions a representative suite of chlorination byproducts. Ascorbic acid and sodium sulfite quenched the residual free chlorine below detection within 5 seconds. Ammonium chloride did not quench with up 70% molar excess,...

The feasibility of on-site generated chlorine (OSG chlorine) as an alternative disinfectant to gas was evaluated in terms total organic carbon (TOC) removal, disinfection efficiency, biofilm control, by-products (DBPs) formation, decay rate, and volatility. Chlorine decreased the pH treated water by -0.1 per mg/L free available (FAC) while OSG increased + 0.06 mg/L. with more hypochlorite ion (...