background: dna immunization with plasmid dna encoding bacterial, viral, parasitic, and tumor antigens has been reported to trigger protective immunity. the use of plasmid dna vaccinations against many diseases has produced promising results in animal and human clinical trials; however, safety concerns about the use of dna vaccines exist, such as the possibility of integration into the host gen...

introduction: several investigations have indicated that dopamine d receptors could influence morphine 2 eward. the influence of olanzapine (a d dopamine receptor antagonist) on the morphine-induced conditioned 2 lace preference (cpp) in male and female mice was investigated in the present study. methods: the effects of olanzapine on the acquisition and expression of morphine cpp in male and fe...

background: maternally administered opiates such as morphine represent a serious human health problem. opioid abuse may have unfavorable effects on reproductive organs. objective: the present study evaluates on the effects of morphine on structure and ultrastructure of uterus in balb/c mice. materials and methods: forty balb/c pregnant mice were divided into four groups: two experimental (i and...

background: routine oocytes cryopreservation remained an elusive technique in the wide ranges of available assisted reproductive technologies. the microtubules of oocytes are vulnerable to cryoprotectants and thermal change during cryopreservation. objective: the effects of a vitrification protocol were investigated on the spindle and chromosome configurations of mice oocytes cryopreserved at t...

phenobarbital is a phenobarbiturate used as a sedative, anticonvulsant, or hypnotic with the doses prescribed and can cause teratogenic effects. the goal of this study was to examine an alternative method for the recognition of the mechanism or the bimolecular potential changes in mice fetus caused by phenobarbital using ftir micro spectroscopy. the mice were injected with phenobarbital (120mg/...

salvia verticillata is one of the salvia species which possesses remarkable antioxidant activity. in the present study, we investigated the possible effects of hydro-alcoholic extract from salvia verticillata plant (sve) in various models of anxiety, depression and seizure in mice. mice were randomly divided into control (saline), sve-treated and standard treatment groups. the sve-treated group...

rosa damascena (rosaceae) has been found to act on central nervous system including the brain. several studies confirm that rosa damascena inhibits the reactivity of the hypothalamus and pituitary systems in rat and can suppress the reactivity of central nervous system. in traditional medicine the hypnotic effect of rose is also suggested. in the present study hypnotic effect of ethanolic, aque...

previous studies have shown that the extract of papaver rhoeas reduces morphine dependence, locomotor activity and reward. in present study, the effects of hydro-alcohol extract of papaver rhoeas on the tolerance to analgesic effects of morphine in mice have been investigated using tail flick method. subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of morphine (1, 2, 5 and 10 mg/kg) induced analgesia. howeve...

rosa damascena has been found to act on central nervous system including the brain. several studies confirm that r. damascena inhibits the activity of the hypothalamus and pituitary systems in rat and can suppress the central nervous system. in traditional medicine hypnotic effect of rose is also suggested. in this study, the hypnotic effect of the ethanol crude extract of r. damascena and its ...

background & objectives: the present investigation was designed to evaluate the post-treatment properties of the hydroalcoholic fruit extract of cassia fistula (golden shower tree) in male albino mice. materials & methods: biomarkers and histological liver and kidney alterations, aspartate aminotransferase (ast), alanine aminotransferase (alt), alkaline phosphatase (alp), γ-glutamyl tra...