A major interior landscaping project is a central component of a proposed corporate headquarters. While interior landscaping is a significant part of many such projects, typical plant losses of 20-40 percent each year are not acceptable for this installation. The client is confident of their ability to control important factors to sustain plant growth such as soil, irrigation, and plant compati...

In China, existing buildings comprise more than 40 billion square meters, most being of high energy consumption. A substantial reduction in electrical energy costs could be obtained through greater use of daylight. Daylight varies widely due to the movement of sun, changing seasons and diverse weather conditions. Custom static daylight assessments, simulations represent only one time of the yea...

Daylighting has attracted increasing attention from researchers as an energy-efficient and sustainable building design technique. This research investigates the daylighting of atrium courtyard by comparing performance various Window to Wall Ratios (WWR) appropriate Malaysia's tropical climate. The most acceptable option for daylight was specify a moderate WWR value 30% with shading devices. res...

Abstract Modern day building design projects require multidisciplinary expertise from architects and engineers across various phases of the (conceptual, preliminary, detailed) construction processes. The Architecture Engineering Construction (AEC) community has recently shifted gears toward leveraging optimization techniques to make well-informed decisions in buildings. However, most efforts ar...