Standard model-based redatuming techniques consist in applying time shifts to the surface data, to simulate an acquisition made at depth. The time shifts are computed using prior knowledge of the overburden, such as a macro velocity model. These techniques allow focusing of the direct waves at the new datum, but the focus can be degraded because of surface multiples and internal multiples in th...

l1-Graph has been proven to be effective in data clustering, which partitions the data space by using the sparse representation of the data as the similarity measure. However, the sparse representation is performed for each datum independently without taking into account the geometric structure of the data. Motivated by l1-Graph and manifold leaning, we propose Regularized l1-Graph (Rl1-Graph) ...

InSAR data acquired from independent overlapping tracks can be exploited for a reliability assessment of the Persistent Scatterer InSAR (PS-InSAR) technique. Here we present a mathematical framework for the datum connection of multiple tracks, simultaneously evaluating the precision and reliability of PS-InSAR estimates. This datum connection can be subdivided in two steps. Firstly, the PS loca...

The following second definition represents a more up-to-date description of geodesy given by the Committee on Geodesy of the U. S. National Academy of Sciences in 1978. • Establishment and maintenance of national and global three dimensional geodetic networks • Measurement and analyses of geodynamic phenomena (earth rotation, earth tides, crustal movements, etc.) • Determination of the earth's ...

This paper presents results of research dealing with geodetic and cadastral aspects of utilizing space above and below the surface. The research is being conducted at the Geodetic Engineering Division of the Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, as part of the doctoral studies of the first author. The principal objectives of the research are to find a cadastral– geodetic solution for utilizi...

Bogen and Woodward (1988) advance a distinction between data and phenomena. Roughly, the former are the observations reported by experimental scientists, the latter are objective, stable features of the world to which scientists infer based on patterns in reliable data. While phenomena are explained by theories, data are not, and so the empirical basis for an inference to a theory consists in c...

I argue that, unlike your brain, you are not composed of other things: you are simple. My argument centers on what I take to be an uncontroversial datum: for any pair of conscious beings, it is impossible for the pair itself to be conscious. Consider, for instance, the pair comprising you and me. You might pinch your arm and feel a pain. I might simultaneously pinch my arm and feel a qualitativ...

The topographic mapping products of airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) are usually required in the national coordinates (i.e., using the national datum and a conformal map projection). Since the spatial scale of the national datum is usually slightly different from the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84) datum, and the map projection frame is not Cartesian, the georeferencing process ...

We consider a class of convex integral functionals composed term linear growth in the gradient argument, and fidelity involving $L^2$ distance from datum. Such are known to attain their infima $BV$ space. Under assumption that domain integration is convex, we prove if datum $W^{1,1}$, then functional has minimizer $W^{1,1}$. In fact, inherits $W^{1,p}$ regularity for any $p \in [1, +\infty]$. a...

Background: There have been many studies on the growth conditions of Zostera marina and Zostera japonica, but few studies have examined how spatial and temporal factors affect growth in established seagrass beds or the distribution range and shoot density. This study aims to clarify the factors that determine the temporal and spatial distribution of Zostera marina and Zostera japonica in the Se...