Previous work has demonstrated that in utero cocaine exposure induces an uncoupling of brain D(1A) dopamine receptors (D(1A)DARs) from G(s)-protein. The present work is an attempt to define the mechanism underlying the uncoupling. We detected a significant elevation of phosphoserine in frontal cortical D(1A)DARs of rabbits that were exposed prenatally to cocaine compared with saline controls. T...

INTRODUCTION Dopamine (DA) binds to five receptors (DAR), classified by their ability to increase (D1R-like) or decrease (D2R-like) cAMP. In humans, most DA circulates as dopamine sulfate (DA-S), which can be de-conjugated to bioactive DA by arylsulfatase A (ARSA). The objective was to examine expression of DAR and ARSA in human adipose tissue and determine whether DA regulates prolactin (PRL) ...

the practice and study of medicine in persia has a long and prolific history. the ancient iranian medicine was combined by different medical traditions from mesopotamia, egypt, india, china and greece for more than 4000 years and merged to form what became the nucleus and foundation of medical practice in the european countries in the 13th century. the iranian academic centers like jundishapur ...

ADC bioanalytical strategies With the US FDA approval of Adcetris® (brentuximab vedotin) in 2011 and Kadcyla® (ado-transtuzumab emtansine) in 2013, antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) has been a hot topic in industry. Because of the complexity of an ADC, combining monoclonal antibody and small molecule toxin, its bioanalysis has seen unprecedented amount of discussion compared to other drug modalitie...

BACKGROUND: Neurorehabilitation technologies such as robot therapy (RT) and transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) can promote upper limb (UL) motor recovery after stroke. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of anodal tDCS with uni-lateral and three-dimensional RT for the impaired UL in people with sub-acute and chronic stroke. METHODS: A pilot randomised controlled trial was conducted. St...

In a heterogeneous network consisting of macro base stations (MBSs) and small base stations (SBSs), the traditional cell association policy, i.e., coupled access (CA), is far from optimal, due to the significant difference between the coverage and transmit powers of MBSs and SBSs. Hence, users may choose to associate with different types of BSs in downlink (DL) and uplink (UL), i.e., decoupled ...

Vestibular compensation is the process of behavioral recovery following peripheral vestibular lesion. In clinics, the histaminergic medicine is the most widely prescribed for the treatment of vertigo and motion sickness, however, the molecular mechanisms by which histamine modulates vestibular function remain unclear. During recovery from the lesion, the modulation of histamine receptors in the...

We discuss the problem of assessing nutrient intake relative to the tolerable upper intake levels (UL) for the nutrient proposed by the Institute of Medicine and focus on 2 important topics: the estimation of usual nutrient intake distributions and the extent to which intakes above the UL can be considered risky. With the information that is currently available for most nutrients, it is not pos...

BACKGROUND Neurorehabilitation technologies such as robot therapy (RT) and transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) can promote upper limb (UL) motor recovery after stroke. OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of anodal tDCS with uni-lateral and three-dimensional RT for the impaired UL in people with sub-acute and chronic stroke. METHODS A pilot randomised controlled trial was conducted. S...

Increasing data traffic demands high data rates. Device to device communication (D2D) underlying cellular network improves the spectrum utilisation, hence increases the overall cell throughput if we take proper care on two aspects. First one is physical resource block (PRB) allocation between D2Ds and cellular network users (CEs) and the second one is interference avoiding between PRB sharing C...