this paper presents future trends of urban wastes and their impacts on the environment of african cities using plausible mitigation scenarios. to accomplish this, an integrated dynamic model for urban waste flows was developed, tested, calibrated and validated. its parameter sensitivity was analyzed. using population projection up to 2052 with different levels of technological implementation, p...

Background: So far, there is paucity of information about quality of breads available in Ethiopian bakeries. The aim of this study was to assess the proximate composition and some selected nutrient composition of wheat breads baked in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia. Methods: Totally, 54 fresh loaves of wheat bread were randomly taken from 18 bakeries (three from each one) in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia...

Sabah and Nidal (names changed) were abandoned by their mother as toddlers and left with their father, who had no idea how to look after them. After feeding them and changing their diapers in the morning, he would leave them alone for 10 hours while he went to work. The children are now in the care of the Dar Al Aman child protection centre in Amman, Jordan. Dar Al Aman – which means “house of ...

In Tanzania, a large amount of domestic and industrial wastes are daily released to the aquatic environment without prior treatment. The demographic pressure resulting from the about 2.5 million people in the Dar es Salaam region (according to the 2002 National Census) is the major driver of amounts of waste released. Heavy metals such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), ...