earthquake has always endangered cities. this article mainly focuses on the question “whether seismic damages could be diminished through the presentation a preventive operational pattern dealing with physical and nonphysical features of civil defense”. tehran, the most populous metropolis among iranian cities is to the south of alborz mountain range, located on potentially dangerous fault- lin...

earthquake has always endangered cities. this article mainly focuses on the question “whether seismic damages could be diminished through the presentation a preventive operational pattern dealing with physical and nonphysical features of civil defense”. tehran, the most populous metropolis among iranian cities is to the south of alborz mountain range, located on potentially dangerous fault- lin...

Combat Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) in Afghanistan involve hazardous front-line missions and attendant combat stress. Being ‘‘outside the wire’’ describes the danger zone; i.e., deployment outside the military base. Returning to civilian life, with no ‘‘platoon’’ to serve as a psychological safety net, veterans may once again experience– in a different sens...