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Abstract In Iliad 10, Odysseus claims that ‘more night has passed | than two parts, but still a third part remains’ (252–253). This gave rise to Homeric problem, which received great deal of attention from ancient scholars: If more parts the have passed, how can remain? The main source for variety solutions it is lengthy discussion written along perimeter three pages Venetus B, an important man...

Male monarch butterflies, Danaus plexippus, produce a spermatophore which can represent approximately 10% of their body mass. Spermatophore mass increased with age in virgin males, and with the time since last mating in non-virgin males. Male monarchs did not delay re-mating until they were able to produce a large spermatophore. Recently mated males were as likely as virgins to copulate with bo...

South Central US milkweeds (Asclepias) are critical adult nectar and larval food resources for producing the first spring last summer/fall generations of declining eastern migratory monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus). This study addresses multiple gaps in assessment conservation priorities through analyses host selectivity, phenology, spatial density, as well niche modeled distribution, lan...

We examined seasonal changes in the cold hardiness of summer reproductive and fall migrant cohorts of the monarch butterfly in southwest Ohio in 1994. Reproductive and migrant butterfl ies were distinguished on the basis of l ipid content and whether the female had mated. We compared crystall ization temperatures (the temperature at which ice forms inside the body) and the capacity to resist ch...

The monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus, is well known for its intimate association with milkweed plants and its incredible multi-generational trans-continental migrations. However, little is known about monarch butterflies' color perception or learning ability, despite the importance of visual information to butterfly behavior in the contexts of nectar foraging, host-plant location and mate re...