Australian criminal law is a matter for states and territories. In relation to abortion, many laws are unclear and outdated, and are inconsistent between states and territories. Doctors practise under time constraints and on a case-by-case basis. Most current laws have grey areas that leave doctors vulnerable to accusations, negative publicity and career damage, especially in the case of late a...

Can the conception of a child ever constitute damage recoverable in law? This article considers the liability of healthcare practitioners for failing to prevent a pregnancy. Developments leading to the recognition of wrongful pregnancy as a cause of (legal) action in South Africa (SA), are briefly outlined. The salient points of the relevant judgments by SA courts are set out to expose the rati...

The evolution of information technologies have brought us to a point where we are confronted with the existence of agents computational entities which are able to act autonomously with little or no human intervention. And their behavior can damage individual or collective interests that are protected by criminal law. Based on the analysis of different models of criminal responsibility of legal ...

Currently, there is an increase in the number of environmental violations and damage they cause. The article presents results study legal framework practice law enforcement to determine damage, its scope, possible compensation. objective define powers, functions, roles agencies responsible for enforcing guarantee It studied from bibliographical, analytical, critical review regulation, applying ...

INTRODUCTION Investigations of bone stiffness and strength based on continuum finite element (FE) models have big advantages in terms of computational cost when compared to micro FE models. A nonlocal elastoplastic constitutive law with damage that leads to softening has recently been developed for the compressive behavior of trabecular bone [1]. Mechanical tests on human trabecular bone biopsi...

The right to monetary compensation for non-property damage is not enjoyed in the same way by all legal entities, i.e. entities and natural persons. In theory practice, there are different approaches regarding issue of whether a entity can suffer non-material intensity form as case with this regard, it was pointed out that have reputation, therefore damaged reputation be basis an obligation pay ...

punitive damages are not compensation for injury and is levied to punish reprehensible conduct of defendant and to deter its future occurrence. common law is the base of this approach. according to the u.k. house of lords, there are some restrictions in levying this kind of damage. these restrictions have been fully respected by the courts of all the commonwealth states except australia and the...

We investigate the size distribution of damage clusters in concrete under uniaxial tension loading conditions. Using the finite-element method, the concrete is modeled at the mesoscale by a random distribution of elastic spherical aggregates within an elastic mortar paste. The propagation and coalescence of damage zones are then simulated by means of dynamically inserted cohesive elements. Dyna...