UNLABELLED Immune-regulated pathways influence multiple aspects of cancer development. In this article we demonstrate that both macrophage abundance and T-cell abundance in breast cancer represent prognostic indicators for recurrence-free and overall survival. We provide evidence that response to chemotherapy is in part regulated by these leukocytes; cytotoxic therapies induce mammary epithelia...

Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Radiation-recall dermatitis is a well-recognised phenomenon of an acute inflammatory toxicity that occurs in a previously quiescent radiation field with subsequent cytotoxic chemotherapy administration. It may occur from days to weeks, and sometimes years after the ...

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and deadliest of adult primary brain tumors. Due to its invasive nature and sensitive location, complete resection remains virtually impossible. The resistance of GBM against chemotherapy and radiotherapy necessitate the development of novel therapies. Gene therapy is proposed for the treatment of brain tumors and has demonstrated pre-clinical ef...

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is one of the most common hematologic malignancies among adults for which the chimeric monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody (Ab) rituximab (RTX) is used as first-line therapy. As RTX itself is not directly cytotoxic but relies on host immune effector mechanisms or chemotherapeutic agents to attack target cells, its therapeutic capacity may become limited when host effector m...

Capecitabine is a thymidine phosphorylase (TP)-activated oral fluoropyrimidine, rationally designed to generate 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) preferentially within tumors. This tumor selectivity is achieved through exploitation of the significantly higher activity of TP in tumor compared with healthy tissue. The high single-agent activity of capecitabine in breast and colorectal cancer suggests that ca...

aromatase inhibitors have been used as a second line therapy after tamoxifen, in estrogen-receptor positive (er+) women to reduce estrogen concentration in plasma and breast tumors. it has been shown that benzofuran(phenylmethyl)imidazoles are potent aromatase inhibitors at nano-molar concentrations, about 1000 times more potent than aminoglutetimide. in this study, cytotoxic activity of some o...

background and purpose: different methods such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy and immunotherapy are used for treatment of melanoma cancer. unfortunately they don't always have desirable results and they may have unfavorable side effects. researchers try to find new, more effective drugs with low side effects. in this study we evaluated the cytotoxic effect of aca-1...

The current study aimed at preparing AgNPs and three different core-shell silver/polymeric NPs composed of Ag core and three different polymeric shells: polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Thereafter, the core/shell NPs were loaded with a chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX). Finally, the cytotoxic effects of the different core-shell Ag/polymer...

BACKGROUND Recent studies have revealed a reduction in the skeletal muscle area in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after chemotherapy. EGFR and ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-based therapies are less cytotoxic than chemotherapy, but differences in skeletal muscle mass between patients receiving EGFR and ALK TKI therapies and patients receiving cytotoxic chemothera...

Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) is an immunoconjugate that binds to CD33 on the surface of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) blasts and, after internalisation, releases a cytotoxic drug, calicheamicin. GO is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of CD33-positive AML at first relapse in patients 60 years and older who are not candidates for other cytotoxic therapy. GO as a sin...