Objective — to study the parameters of immunity in tuberculosis with diabetes mellitus and subclinical hypothyroidism against background autoimmune thyroiditis. 
 Materials methods. 60 patients pulmonary were under observation. In 30 destructive thyroiditis hypothyroidism, humoral cellular studied. The control group consisted intact structure function thyroid gland. both groups, we assesse...

Existing approaches that quantify cytotoxic T cell responses rely on bulk or surrogate measurements which impede the direct identification of single activated T cells of interest. Single cell microscopy or flow cytometry methodologies typically rely on fluorescent labeling, which limits applicability to primary cells such as human derived T lymphocytes. Here, we introduce a quantitative method ...

Recent evidence has identified the role of granzyme B- and perforin-expressing CD4(+) T cells with cytotoxic potential in antiviral immunity. However, the in vivo cytokine cues and downstream pathways governing the differentiation of these cells are unclear. Here, we have identified that CD4(+) T cells with cytotoxic potential are specifically induced at the site of infection during influenza v...

The exact mechanisms of CD4 help in the generation of memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) remain largely illusive. We propose that dendritic cells (DCs) first interact with CD4(+) T cells, resulting in DC licensing and CD4(+) T-cell priming. Thereafter, CD8(+) T cells can receive stimulatory signals from DC-CD4(+) T-cell clusters and as well as individually from licensed DCs and primed CD4(+)...

Background: β-Blockers have shown considerable cytotoxic, anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects. Metoprolol, a β-Blocker with anti-inflammation, anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic properties has been widely used for treatment of some cardiovascular diseases such as angina, hypertension, heart failure and myocardial infraction. Limited data exist about the cytotoxic effects of metoprolol on human c...

background: noradrenaline (na), the principal neurotransmitter released from sympathetic nerve terminals, influences t-cell maturation, not only directly in developing t cells, but also indirectly, by acting on the thymic nonlymphoid cells. in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the anti-proliferative, anti-migratory, antiangiogenic and cytotoxic properties of propranolol, β-ar blocker,...