The plant hormone cytokinin is implicated in the control of root architecture and development, including legume root nodulation. Gonzalez-Rizzo et al. (pages 2680–2693) identified a Medicago truncatula homolog of Arabidopsis, CYTOKININ RESPONSE1 (CRE1), which encodes a cytokinin receptor histidine kinase, and made use of RNA interference of Mt CRE1 to investigate the role of cytokinin in the no...

Cytokinins are plant hormones that play critical roles in growth and development. In Arabidopsis, the transcriptional response to cytokinin is regulated by action of type-B Arabidopsis response regulators (ARRs). Although central elements in the cytokinin signal transduction pathway have been identified, mechanisms controlling output remain to be elucidated. Here we demonstrate that a family of...

The phytohormones auxin and cytokinin are key regulators of plant development, and both regulate almost all aspects of plant growth and development. Communication between auxin-cytokinin signaling pathways has been the subject of intense research. However, few studies have focused specifically on the development of the early gynoecium. We have recently discovered that cytokinin signaling plays ...

Abstract Tomato production is influenced by shoot branching, which controlled different hormones. Here we produced tomato plants overexpressing the cytokinin-deactivating gene CYTOKININ OXYDASE 2 ( CKX2 ). -overexpressing (CKX2-OE) showed an excessive growth of axillary shoots, opposite phenotype expected for with reduced cytokinin content, as evidenced LC-MS analysis and ARR5-GUS staining. The...

Understanding how hormones and genes interact to coordinate plant growth is a major challenge in developmental biology. The activities of auxin, ethylene, and cytokinin depend on cellular context and exhibit either synergistic or antagonistic interactions. Here we use experimentation and network construction to elucidate the role of the interaction of the POLARIS peptide (PLS) and the auxin eff...

Plant architecture is shaped through the continuous formation of organs by meristems. Class I KNOTTED1-like homeobox (KNOXI) genes are expressed in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and are required for SAM maintenance. KNOXI proteins and cytokinin, a plant hormone intimately associated with the regulation of cell division, share overlapping roles, such as meristem maintenance and repression of s...

Cytokinins may reflect soil water status and regulate rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain filling. This study investigated the changes in cytokinin levels in rice plants and their relations with grain filling under alternate wetting and drying irrigation. Two 'super' rice cultivars were field grown. Three irrigation regimes, alternate wetting and moderate soil drying (WMD), alternate wetting and sever...

The cytokinin class of plant hormones plays key roles in regulating diverse developmental and physiological processes. Arabidopsis perceives cytokinins with three related and partially redundant receptor histidine kinases (HKs): CRE1 (the same protein as WOL and AHK4), AHK2, and AHK3 (CRE-family receptors). It is suggested that binding of cytokinins induces autophosphorylation of these HKs and ...

Cytokinins control key processes during plant growth and development, and cytokinin receptors CYTOKININ RESPONSE 1/WOODEN LEG/ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE 4 (CRE1/WOL/AHK4), AHK2, and AHK3 have been shown to play a crucial role in this control. The involvement of cytokinins in signaling the status of several nutrients, such as sugar, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphate (Pi), has also been highlight...

In vitro, a new protocol of plant regeneration in rose was achieved via protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) induced from the root-like organs named rhizoids that developed from leaf explants. The development of rhizoids is a critical stage for efficient regeneration, which is triggered by exogenous auxin. However, the role of cytokinin in the control of organogenesis in rose is as yet uncharacterized....