multiple sclerosis (ms) is characterized by multiple areas of inflammation, demyelination and neurodegeneration. infiltrating th1 cd4+ t cells secrete proinflammatory cytokines. they stimulate the release of some cytokines, expression of adhesion molecules and these cytokines may cause damage to the myelin sheath and axons. in this study, we analyzed plasma levels and gene expressions of five i...

The cytokines IFN-?, interleukin IL-1?, and TNF-? each up regulate the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are therefore considered as inflammatory markers. present study aimed to measure serum levels in mice after induction diabetes with streptozotocin correlate their lipid glycaemic profiles. included 40 Swiss Albino (20 males 20 females), half male female groups were made di...

OBJECTIVE Cytokines have been reported to have key roles in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, much less is known about cytokines in MDD and antidepressant treatment due to the diversity of cytokines and the heterogeneity of depression. We investigated the levels of cytokines in patients with MDD compared with healthy subjects and their associations with antidepressant response. METHOD...

BACKGROUND The immunologic environment during HIV/M. tuberculosis co-infection is characterized by cytokine and chemokine irregularities that have been shown to increase immune activation, viral replication, and T cell dysfunction. METHODS We analysed ex vivo plasma samples from 17 HIV negative and 16 HIV pulmonary tuberculosis co infected cases using Luminex assay to see impact of HIV co-inf...

  Objective(s): Neuroinflammation in Parkinson disease (PD) is associated with glial cells activation and production of different inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we investigated the effect of chronic administration of 8-OH-DPAT on 6-OHDA-induced catalepsy and levels of inflammatory cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).   Materials and Methods: Catalepsy was induced by un...

background: rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory disease with autoimmune etiology, characterized by synovial inflammation and destruction of joint cartilage and bone. there are controversial data about the profile of interleukin-17 (il-17a), interleukin-4 (il-4), and interferon-gamma (infî³), indicating in some studies the key role of il-17, while in others the th1 cyt...

background the immune system plays important roles in determining the outcomes of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection. interleukin-23 and -27 (il-23 and il-27) are two novel il-12 cytokine family members known to enhance the t-lymphocyte response, but their precise involvement in hcv infection is not well known. objectives we investigated the serum il-27 and il-23 levels in patients with hcv infe...

Background: Behçet's disease (BD) is a systemic inflammatory disease with a chronic, relapsing-remitting course of unknown etiology. Neuro-Behcet’s disease (NBD) induce serious CNS complications and are known to be the main cause of long-term morbidity and mortality. IL‐37 is a natural suppressor of innate inflammation which its role in NBD has not been fully understood. <stron...

Cytokines are important regulators of the immune system, and identifying fish cytokines has potential applications for the development of vaccines and/or immunostimulants application in fisheries. In order to understand the immune-related genes triggered by immunostimulants derived from pathogens, we investigated the effects of agonists (lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Poly I:C, and imiquimod) of thr...