Midazolam is almost exclusively metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) isoenzymes. Therefore, midazolam is used as a probe to determine CYP3A levels in humans and rats. A prerequisite for longitudinal determination of CYP3A expression levels using midazolam as a probe is that midazolam itself has no effect on the expression of CYP3A. In the present study, we analyzed the mRNA levels and enzy...

Cypermethrin (CYP) is an insecticide pyrethroid used in the agriculture for its broad-spectrum activity. However, recent studies have shown accumulation of CYP soil, and water a high toxicity against different species, including humans. On other hand, use bacteria bioremediation represents eco-friendly alternative removal xenobiotics. In this study, aim was to isolate identify from agricultural...

OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical stage (stable, unstable, deteriorating or dying) for children and young people (CYP) aged 0-25 years in Scotland with life-limiting conditions (LLCs). DESIGN National cohort of CYP with LLCs using linked routinely collected healthcare data. SETTING Scotland. PATIENTS 20 436 CYP identified as having LLCs and resident in Scotland between 1 April 2009 and ...

While several cellular proteins are incorporated in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virion, cyclophilin (CyP) A is the only one whose absence has been demonstrated to impair infectivity. Incorporation of the cytosolic protein results from interaction with a highly exposed Pro-rich loop in the N-terminal region of the capsid (CA) domain of the precursor polyprotein, Pr55(Gag). Even when ...

Background Interstitial lung disease and especially drug-induced interstitial lung disease can occur as a cause of drug(s) or drug-drug interactions. In this review we summarize the possible role of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in drug-induced interstitial lung disease. Recent findings The CYP enzyme family plays an important role in the metabolization of all sorts of ingested, injected or inh...

OBJECTIVE Cyclophosphamide (CYP), a cytotoxic anticancer drug, causes a substantial reduction in leukocytes numbers, called leukopenia. Leukopenia is a major predisposing factor to infections caused by opportunistic pathogens. The aim of the present study is to assess the effects of camel milk consumption against CYP-induced leukopenia and other toxic effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS CYP at a d...

The expression of acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) isoforms, ASIC1, ASIC2a, and ASIC3, was examined in the urinary bladder after cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis of varying duration (4 h, 48 h, and chronic). Immunohistochemical, Western blot, and quantitative PCR approaches were used to evaluate channel expression and effects of CYP-induced cystitis in whole urinary bladder and split-blad...

Cyclophosphamide (CPA) and ifosfamide (IFA) are widely used anticancer agents that require metabolic activation by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. While 4-hydroxylation yields DNA-alkylating and cytotoxic metabolites, N-dechloroethylation results in the generation of neuro- and nephrotoxic byproducts. Gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapies (GDEPT) have been suggested to facilitate local CPA and ...

Meso-zeaxanthin was investigated for antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activity, using the Ames test (Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98, TA 100, TA 102 and TA 1535) with direct acting mutagens like sodium azide (NaN3) (5 μg/ plate), nitro-o-phenylendiamin (NPD) (20 μg/ plate), N-methyl- N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) (1μg/ plate) and tobacco extract 50 mg/ plate) and with a mutagen need...

We had immobilized cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 and CYP reductase (CPR) onto a self-assembled phospholipid layer containing stearic acid (LDPE-StA-PC-SA) to confirm the functional interaction between CPR. The formation of resorufin from 7-ethoxy was observed by use film immobilizing CPR LDPE-StA-PC-SA. It clarified that fluidity LDPE-StA-PC-SA very important. actual activity did not depend on dens...