Four Dutch adults (twomen andtwowomen, age range 28-40) presented with vomiting and sweating. Two had suffered generalised' convulsions before admission. Symptoms appeared within two hours after they had eaten soup made from a wild plant that they believed to be celery. On admission none of the four had abnormal neurological signs apart from dilated pupils. All survived, requiring only supporti...

A procedure was refined for quantitative isolation of cyanide by gas transfer from acidified blood or plasma samples. The cyanide was trapped in dilute alkali and quantified as the pyridine/pyrazolone complex. The within-day coefficient of variation was 2%, which increased to about 2.5% for the day-to-day variation. Nitroprusside used as a hypotensive agent in clinical medicine provides a risk ...

BACKGROUND Cyanide is a toxic agent, and its detoxification product, thiocyanate, may be a major pathogenetic substance in uraemia. Recent studies examining the myeloperoxidase(MPO)/thiocyanate system have suggested a link between thiocyanate and atherosclerosis. However, inaccuracies in conventional assays for cyanide and thiocyanate have limited the understanding of their metabolism in haemod...

and CN2 have been shown to bind to the catalytic iron site of SOR, and cyanide acts as an inhibitor. To understand how these exogenous ligands alter the physical and reactivity properties of the SOR iron site, acetate-, azide-, and cyanide-ligated synthetic models of SOR have been prepared. The x-ray crystal structures of azideligated [Fe(SN4(tren))(N3)] (3), dimeric cyanide-bridged ([Fe(SN4(tr...

Cyanide (CN) is considered to be a terrorist chemical weapon due to its ready availability in multi-kilogram quantities and multi-modal means of intoxication. The body uses the sulfur transferase enzyme rhodanese to detoxify cyanide via conversion of cyanide to thiocyanate. This paper explores the potential energy surfaces for the conversion of cyanide anion and hydrogen cyanide to thiocyanate ...

Mitochondria isolated by a zonal procedure from the cotyledons of germinating peas possessed a cyanide-resistant respiration. This respiration was virtually absent in mitochondria isolated during the first 24 hours of germination but thereafter increased gradually until the 6th or 7th day of seedling development. At this time between 15 and 20% of the succinate oxidation was not inhibited by cy...

The aim of this study is to investigate the ability of intramuscular and intravenous sulfanegen sodium treatment to reverse cyanide effects in a rabbit model as a potential treatment for mass casualty resulting from cyanide exposure. Cyanide poisoning is a serious chemical threat from accidental or intentional exposures. Current cyanide exposure treatments, including direct binding agents, meth...

A simple equation is developed between the total cyanide contents of cassava root parenchyma and the processed product with the % retention of cyanide on processing. This equation is applied to different methods of processing used worldwide. Thus to produce cassava flour of 10mg HCN equivalents/kg flour (ppm), the WHO safe level, by sun drying or heap fermentation requires starting with sweet c...

Acute cyanide toxicity is attributed to inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase (CcOX), the oxygen-reducing component of mitochondrial electron transport; however, the mitochondrial action of cyanide is complex and not completely understood. State-3 oxygen consumption and CcOX activity were studied in rat N27 mesencephalic cells to examine the functional interaction of cyanide and nitric oxide (NO)....

Introduction Carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide are often found in fire atmospheres. These gases can incapacitate rapidly and thus render the victim unable to escape from the fire. High concentrations of carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide found in the blood of fire victims indicate a degree of survival in the toxic fire atmosphere. Concentrations may be sufficiently high in the blood to att...