BACKGROUND Combination therapy with budesonide and formoterol reduces exacerbations of asthma, which are closely associated with human rhinovirus (RV) infections in both children and adults. These data suggest that budesonide and formoterol inhibit virus-induced inflammatory responses of airway epithelial cells. METHODS To test this hypothesis, bronchial epithelial (BE) cells were obtained fr...

OBJECTIVE Fulminant type 1 diabetes is characterized by the rapid onset of severe hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis, with subsequent poor prognosis of diabetes complications. Causative mechanisms for accelerated beta-cell failure are unclear. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects comprised three autopsied patients who died from diabetic ketoacidosis within 2-5 days after onset of fulminant type 1...

The visceral form of leishmaniasis is the most severe form of the disease and of particular concern due to the emerging problem of HIV/visceral leishmaniasis (VL) co-infection in the tropics. Till date miltefosine, amphotericin B and pentavalent antimony compounds remain the main treatment regimens for leishmaniasis. However, because of severe side effects, there is an urgent need for alternati...

The IL-23/IL-17 pathway plays an important role in chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease. In inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal epithelial cells are an important source of chemokines that recruit inflammatory cells. We examined the effect of IL-17 on chemokine expression of HT-29 colonic epithelial cells. IL-17 strongly repressed TNF-alpha-stimulated expression...

PURPOSE Toxoplasma gondii is a major cause of ocular disease, which can lead to permanent vision loss in humans. T cells are critically involved in parasite control, but little is known about the molecules that promote T-cell trafficking and migration in the retina. Thus, the aim of this study was to image and dissect the T-cell response during chronic toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. METHODS C...

Background: CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are the main types of lymphocytes in cell-mediated immunity and play a central role in the induction of efficient immune responses against tumors. The frequencies of T cell subtypes in the peripheral blood and tumor tissues, and draining lymph nodes (dLN) can be considered as useful markers for evaluation of the immune system in cancers. Methods: In this study,...

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations are the first mutations that occur during the oncogenic process of lower-grade glioma (LGG) and confers a novel gain-offunction activity by converting a-ketoglutarate (aKG) to 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), promoting DNA hypermethylation. Our analysis of LGG cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database revealed that IDHmutant (IDH-Mut) cases exhibit dec...

METHODS. Seventeen patients with diagnosed ocular sarcoidosis, 28 with suspected ocular sarcoidosis, 16 with Behçet’s disease, 17 with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, and 18 healthy subjects were studied. Serum levels of CCL2, CCL5, CXCL8, CXCL9, and CXCL10 were simultaneously measured by cytometric bead array using flow cytometer. In addition, serum CXCL9 and CXCL10 levels in the patients with d...

The CXCL10/CXCR3 axis of inflammatory mediators is one of the most important groups of chemokine axes, which has been proven to be a lymphocyte-associated metastasis mediator in several tumors. The term inflammatory adhesions refers to tumors found to be attached to the surrouding tissues during surgery, although no cancer cell infiltration is later identified on pathological examination. The a...

Anti-ribosomal P protein antibody (anti-P) in cerebral spinal fluids (CSF) has been reported to associate with NPSLE and IgG anti-P in CSF was suggested to be a useful marker for the diagnosis of neuropsychiatric syndromes of systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). There is growing evidence that chemokines, such as MCP-1/CCL2 and IP10/CXCL10 are involved in the pathogenesis of NPSLE. To study the...