the aim of this study was to measure the alterations in serum zinc (zn) copper (cu) and iron (fe) concentrations in patients with acute and chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis. serum zinc and copper were measured by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer and serum iron concentration was measured by the ferrozine method with commercial kits and assay was carried out by using an automatic anal...

cutaneous leishmaniasis may present with clinical presentation such as zosteriform, sporotrichoid and erysipeloid. the eczema variant has rarely been reported. we report a 27- year- old patient with atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis resembling eczema on the hand of a man in yazd province in the central of iran.

introduction urogenital atrophy is a common problem after menopause, and results from declining estradiol levels and may causes symptoms that can significantly affect quality of life. the aim of this study was to determine the effect of the vaginal suppository of vitamin e in the treatment of atrophic vaginities. materials and methods this randomized, double-blind controlled trail study was car...

kennedy disease is a rare x-linked neurodegenerative disorder that affects patients in 30-50 years of age. it is caused by cag-repeat in androgen receptor gen. there is no known effective treatment for kennedy disease. we report a 60-year-old man who had fasciculations and proximal and distal muscle weakness. physical examination showed involvement of the bulbar musculature accompanied by tongu...

currently, gastrointestinal (gi) dysfunctions in parkinson’s disease (pd) are well?recognized problems and are known to be the initial symptoms in the pathological process that eventually results in pd. many types of pd?associated gi dysfunctions have been identified, including weight loss, nausea, hypersalivation, dysphagia, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, intestinal pseudo?obstruction, constipatio...

spinal muscular atrophies (smas) represent a rare group of inherited disorders that cause progressive degeneration of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord. the exact cause of the degeneration is unknown. loss of these cells results in a progressive lower motor neuron disease that has no sensory involvement and that is manifested as hypotonia, weakness, and progressive paralysis. kugelberg...

purpose: to report five cases of wolfram syndrome, an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease with ِdiabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness (didmoad syndrome). patients and findings: all of the five patients had diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy. four patients had hearing loss. in spite of persistence of polyuria and polydipsia, diabetes insipidus had been prev...

a 62-year-old woman complaining of severe malabsorption was diagnosed with celiac disease based on the findings of flat, small intestinal mucosa and hla-dq2 positivity, although celiac serology was negative. this diagnosis was questioned due to the lack of clinical and histological improvement after a long period of strict gluten-free diet. the detection of enterocyte autoantibodies guided to t...

aim : this study used the olga system to characterize the histology pattern of gastritis in dyspeptic outpatients with a mean age of 45 years from regions with different gastric cancer risks.   background : several classification systems have been purposed for understanding the status of the gastric mucosa.  currently, the sydney system is the most widely employed. nevertheless, the applicabili...

due to the high prevalence of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniosis (acl) in barn city, a survey was carried out to determine epidemiological characteristics of acl in barn in 1992. for this purpose, 23 out of the total 51 schools (elementary, junior high and senior high) were randomly selected and 6053 students were examined. the prevalence of acute sores and scars were 2% and 17% respectively...