The measurement of currents and water properties is of great importance, but few comprehensive reviews have been written. Many of today's current measurement techniques were either described or anticipated nearly 15 years ago (see, e.g., Dobson et al., 1980). Since then, significant improvements have been made in sensors, electronics, computers and positioning and telemetry systems. Extensive t...

In this paper we (1) argue the benefits of replacing the current MD transform with a multi-property-preserving domain extension transform that guarantees numerous properties of the hash function assuming they hold of the compression function; (2) provide a practical, proven-secure multi-domain extension transform suitable for use with the next generation of hash functions; (3) point to some sub...

We present a method to find motifs by simultaneously using the overrepresentation property and the evolutionary conservation property of motifs. This method is applicable to divergent species where alignment is unreliable, which overcomes a major limitation of the current methods. The method has been applied to search regulatory motifs in four yeast species based on ChIP-chip data in Saccharomy...

alternate of the usurped property is a compensation paid to the owner after unavailability of usurped property. the iranian civil code, following the islamic scholars' famous view, has principally accepted the payment of this compensation but is silent as far as duties and rights of owner and usurper are concerned; hence the judge's obligation to refer to valid verdicts (fatawa) in this regard....

Economists have argued that commonly held African rangelands are suffering widespread degradation due to overstocking. However, in many areas, degradation is localized rather than widespread. Current common property models are insufficient for analysis of such degradation. A model is developed identifying conditions leading to spatial differences in rangeland condition. Analysis of longitudinal...

Medical plants have a great value in traditional knowledge related to human health care both used whole plant or consisting in curative remedies. These valuable uses has been led to commercial use of medicinal plants and their derivatives which makes great benefits. Also there is a growing desire to use of completely natural materials as curative drugs around the world. These facts show up a gr...

In his famous partial dissent in the LeRoy Fibre 2 case, Justice Holmes conceptualized the shift from an absolutist understanding of property fights to a "bundle of rights" approach that permits removal of particular entitlements without harming the remaining interests of the owner. Recognizing that law focuses on differences ofdagree, Holmes posited that an individual's property entitlements c...

because of its very dynamic nature and its close ties with global commerce, intellectual property law is one of the liveliest areas of law. the significant of this branch of law is manifested in the debate which is going on between developed and developing countries in terms of the scope of the protection of intellectual property rights. on the one hand, the developed country argue the stronger...