But it is beyond the power of human capacity to frame and retain distinct ideas of all the particular things we meet with: every bird and beast men saw; every tree and plant that affected the senses, could not find a place in the most capacious understanding. During the Middle Ages, much of the debate about universals concerned the question whether or not they could be considered to " exist ". ...

Anybody’s search for language universals will depend on certain assumptions that are not themselves scientific in the strict sense of the empirical sciences, since they cannot be subjected to experimental testing. These basic assumptions are ontological, as they imply convictions of how those universals might exist, and they are epistemological because their mode of existence will determine how...

Abstract Norm enforcement may be important for resolving conflicts and promoting cooperation. However, little is known about how preferred responses to norm violations vary across cultures domains. In a preregistered study of 57 countries (using convenience samples 22,863 students non-students), we measured perceptions the appropriateness various violation cooperative atypical social behaviors....

Research is presented on the semantic structure of 15 emotion terms as measured by judged-similarity tasks for monolingual English-speaking and monolingual and bilingual Japanese subjects. A major question is the relative explanatory power of a single shared model for English and Japanese versus culture-specific models for each language. The data support a shared model for the semantic structur...