In contemporary foraging societies men typically hunt more than women. This observation has played an important role in many reconstructions of hominid evolution. The gender difference in human hunting, likely a product of both ecological and cultural factors, is mirrored by a similar sex difference among nonhuman primates. Existing explanations of such primate behavioral dimorphism are augment...

Studies in the field of reproductive health discuss existing gaps in traditional research models, which neglect not only social and cultural aspects but also ethical and philosophical ones. Such aspects cut cross over the definition of essential themes for reproductive health research, like sexuality, reproduction, and gender. The search for connections between the two disciplines (Social Scien...

regarding extensive domain of islamic teachings including all aspects of human life following as individual, social, spiritual, physical and material issues and noting close relations of the humanities with this dimensions, a deep bond between islam and the humanities including management and education is revealed. to attain an islamic understanding of relationship between the dimensions of the...

Life-history theoretical models show that a typical evolutionarily optimal response of a juvenile organism to high mortality risk is to reach reproductive maturity earlier. Experimental studies in a range of species suggest the existence of adaptive flexibility in reproductive scheduling to maximize fitness just as life-history theory predicts. In humans, supportive evidence has come from studi...

In far-west Nepalese communities, menstruating girls and women commonly observe multiple religio-cultural restrictions that reflect discriminatory beliefs attitudes about menstruation. Multiple layers of social environmental factors sustain the practice these rituals. To address culturally constructed risk promote menstrual health in it is vital to understand how local family, basic societal un...

This article aims to show how evolutionary theory, social-metabolism and sociological systems theory can be utilized to develop a concept of society–nature coevolution. The article begins with a conception of industrialization as a sociometabolic transition, that is, a major transformation in the energetic and consequently material basis of society. This transition to industrial metabolism was ...

—Evolutionary computation is a generic term used to make reference to the solution of computational problems planned and implemented based on models of an evolutionary process. Most of the evolutionary algorithms propose biological paradigms, and the concepts of natural selection, mutation and reproduction. However, other paradigms that can be adopted in the creation of evolutionary algorithms ...