We examine the notions of meaning and information for animals or agents engaged in interaction games. Concepts from cognitive ethology, linguistics, semiotics, and evolution are surveyed. Innateness, individual learning, and social aspects (social learning and cultural transmission) of the evolution of communication are treated. Studies on animals and agents showing degrees of communication are...

Classical cognitive science was launched on the premise that the architecture of human cognition is uniform and universal across the species. This premise is biologically impossible and is being actively undermined by, for example, imaging genomics. Anthropology (including archaeology, biological anthropology, linguistics, and cultural anthropology) is, in contrast, largely concerned with the d...

The USA is spreading their political, military, economic, scientific, artistic and cultural mission throughout the world. The aim of this paper is to bring to the attention the Americanization of the Croatian language particularly evident in the newly adopted language manners, in teenage language, in specialist languages, in the field of advertising and in political correctness. The spread of A...

doi: 10.1093/jole/lzv013 Response: Climate and language: has the discourse shifted? Caleb Everett, Dami an E. Blası́ and Se an G. Roberts* Andrew Carnegie Fellow, Department of Anthropology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA Zurich Center for Linguistics, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 47, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland; Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, Max Planck...

Applied linguistics and educational are part of linguistics. Someone who is interested in studying this science must be able to distinguish it have a deep perspective. The purpose literature review investigate the differences, similarities, scope, relationships between these two disciplines. This discussion based on secondary sources focuses applied linguistics, course, as topics discussion. st...

A significant amount of contribution to pragmatics research comes from cross-cultural and developmental pragmatic studies with L2 learners in focus; however, despite broad interest in such analyses, the role of lecturers has been relatively ignored. As the lectures’ perceptions/opinions of L2 learners’ e-mail requests are important, L2 learners must become familiar with their lecturers’...

This study delved into the application of proper nouns as terms of address in Russian and Persian. In other words, it examined the rules governing the application of terms of address expressed as the names of individuals in different speech situations in both languages. The comparative study of the cultural features of languages spoken by Russians and Iranians called for the investigation of th...

From the schoolyard to the boardroom, the pressures of cultural assimilation pervade all walks of social life. Yet people vary in the capacity to fit in culturally, and their fit can wax and wane over time. We examine how individual cognition and social influence produce variation and change in cultural fit. We do so by lifting the curtain between the backstage (cognition) and frontstage (behav...

An emotional version of Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests that differences in language emotionalities influence differences among cultures no less than conceptual differences. Conceptual contents of languages and cultures to significant extent are determined by words and their semantic differences; these could be borrowed among languages and exchanged among cultures. Emotional differences, as sug...