This study investigated the requirements for restoring motor function after corticospinal (CS) system damage during early postnatal development. Activity-dependent competition between the CS tracts (CSTs) of the two hemispheres is imperative for normal development. Blocking primary motor cortex (M1) activity unilaterally during a critical period [postnatal week 5 (PW5) to PW7] produces permanen...

The thyroid and parathyroid glands are dually innervated by sympathetic (cervical sympathetic trunk [CST]) and parasympathetic (superior laryngeal nerve [SLN]) nerve fibers. We examined the effects of electrical stimulation of efferent or afferent nerve fibers innervating the thyroid and parathyroid glands on the secretion of immunoreactive calcitonin (iCT), parathyroid hormone (iPTH), 3,3',5-t...

Abstract Introduction: The positive predictive value of a low morning serum cortisol to diagnose adrenal insufficiency (AI) is reported be >90%, which the basis for guidelines recommending as first-line test central AI. A level <3 µg/dL considered diagnostic. However, studies that established this cut-off were conducted primarily in outpatients, not hospitalized patients whom diur...

Abstract Background We found previously (Pu et al. Clin Infect Dis, 2021: PubMed 32511677) that only 0.2% of ICD10 codes for coccidioidomycosis (CM) in our health care system were associated with patients (pts) managed at an urgent (UC) visit. Since 2020, during onboarding, quarterly meetings, and periodic emails, UC clinicians encouraged to test CM pneumonia (PNA). Methods For 2018 through 202...

Reliable data on circumsolar radiation, which is caused by scattering of sunlight by cloud or aerosol particles, is becoming more and more important for the resource assessment and design of concentrating solar technologies (CSTs). However, measuring circumsolar radiation is demanding and only very limited data sets are available. As a step to bridge this gap, a method was developed which allow...

BACKGROUND DTI-based tractography is an increasingly important tool for planning brain surgery in patients suffering from brain tumours. However, there is an ongoing debate which tracking approaches yield the most valid results. Especially the use of functional localizer data such as navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) seem to impro...

The goal of probabilistic tractography is to obtain a connectivity index along a white matter pathway that reflects fibre organization and is sensitive to pathological abnormalities contributing to disability. Here, we present the development of voxel-based connectivity measures along the tractography-derived corticospinal tract (CST). We investigated whether these connectivity measures are dif...

absolute weakness of the right lower extremity (Manual Muscle Test [MMT], 0/5), following an infarct in the left supplementary motor area and premotor cortex (Fig. 1A). She underwent conservative management at the neurology department of a university hospital. Two weeks after the infarct, she was transferred to the rehabilitation department of the same university hospital. The weakness of the r...

Introduction The problem of correction for multiple comparisons is a pervasive one in the statistical analysis of magnetic resonance image data. With regard to diffusion MRI (dMRI) in particular, methods such as tract-based spatial statistics have been developed partly with the aim of reducing the multiple comparisons problem faced by more general voxelwise analysis methods [1]. For many studie...

The paper presents a preliminary result of using cognitiveand behavior-based modeling framework to simulate a network of MANETs (Mobile Adhoc NETworks) as intelligent agents in a tactical battlefield. We demonstrate the efficacies of an agent-based modeling and the need for developing formal methods for multi-agent simulations from a system of systems (SoS) perspective. The development of our m...