When a causal variable and its presumed effect are measured at two time points in a cohort study, most researchers prefer to fit some type of a change model. Many of them believe that such an analysis is superior to a cross-sectional analysis because change models estimate “the effect of change on change”, which sounds epistemologically stronger than “a cross-sectional association”. In this art...

the centralization of human activities is associated with different pollutants which enter into environment easily and cause the urban environment more vulnerable. regarding the importance of air pollution issue for tehran metropolis, many plans and regulations have been developed. however, most of them failed to decline the pollution. the purpose of this study was to pathologically analyze air...

Links have been established between organizational identification and the way employees behave in the workplace. Amidst stiff competition and an urgent need to improve employee productivity it would benefit organizations to know what fosters organizational identification among employees. Consequently, this study purposed to investigate the influence of employee personality and strategic leaders...