OBJECTIVE To investigate whether substantive criticism in electronic letters to the editor, defined as a problem that could invalidate the research or reduce its reliability, is adequately addressed by the authors. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING BMJ between October 2005 and September 2007. Inclusion criteria Research papers generating substantive criticism in the rapid responses section on bm...

| Onsager's second kind of \reciprocal relations" state that (~ H) = T (? ~ H) where is the 3 3 conductance matrix, ~ H is an externally applied magnetic eld, and T means matrix transpose. This is only supposed to hold for \linear" materials for which the current density ~ J is related to the electric eld ~ E by h ~ Ji = ~ E. This is just one instance of a class of mathematically equivalent but...

OObjective: The present study aimed to predict the severity of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms (OCS) based on Traumatic Childhood Experiences through the mediating role of Self-criticism. Methods: The general design of the present study is the descriptive correlation of structural equations. The statistical population of this study was adults, aged 18 to 50 -who were living in Mashhad in 2021 - ...

improvements, and a change in the character ofspecific diseases put forward to account for the fall in mortality during the course ofthe nineteenth century or even to assess the relative contribution of each to the mortality level of a particular city. On the latter issue, Robert Woods' own study of the sanitary condition ofBirmingham marks a significant advance in that he is able to provide a ...

Incumbent malfeasance is a major challenge in many developing democracies. Our model suggests that electoral accountability requires a media market structure incentivizing local media to report incumbent malfeasance. We test the model’s implications in Mexico, leveraging plausibly exogenous variation in the pre-election release of municipal audits revealing misallocated spending and greater acc...

OBJECTIVE To increase understanding of the internal processes of recovery in psychosis, with particular consideration given to self-compassion and self-criticism. METHOD Qualitative data were collected by semistructured interviews, from 10 participants with psychosis, and analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. RESULTS Five superordinate themes emerged: (a) "my mind can't t...

The risk premium in the US stock market has fallen far below its historic level, which Shiller (2000) attributes to a bubble driven by psychological factors. As an alternative explanation, we point out that the observed risk premium may be reduced by one-sided intervention policy on the part of the Federal Reserve which leads investors into the erroneous belief that they are insured against dow...

Source and information evaluation is identified as being a critical element of the analytical process and production of intelligence products. However there is concern that in reality evaluation is being carried out in a cursory fashion involving limited intellectual rigour. Poor evaluation is also thought to be a causal factor in the failure of intelligence. This study examined the process of ...

The multistage model, introduced by Armitage and Doll, was very successful at describing many features of cancer development. Doll and Peto noted a significant departure below the prediction of the model and suggested that this could be due to undercounting of cases at older ages, or to the 'biology of extreme old age.' Moolgavkar pointed out that it could also be due to the approximation used....