The main goal of our research is to build a legal reasoning system that performs decision support functions in the criminal domain. The system is based on a rule-based reasoning model which is composed of a legal domain ontology, rule base and reasoning engine. The legal domain ontology is needed for modelling the legal norms of the criminal domain. For this purpose, a middle-out approach is pr...

Rising juvenile crime rates during the 1970s and 1980s spurred state legislatures across the country to exclude or transfer a significant share of offenders under the age of eighteen to the jurisdiction of the criminal court, essentially redrawing the boundary between the juvenile and adult justice systems. Jeffrey Fagan examines the legal architecture of the new boundary-drawing regime and how...

This article presents the significance and impact of Lemkin's concept genocide on development international law. We will randomly present jurisprudence courts such as ICJ, ICC, ICTY ICTR, which analyzed concepts genocide, including cultural heritage crimes. Residual functions ICTY, oversight sentences consideration any appeal proceedings initiated since 1 July 2013, are under jurisdiction a suc...

as a commercial instrument, bank check has an important role in the life of international economy. therefore, along with unification of international regulations for bill of exchange and promissory note, the idea of applying uniform regulations to the check was gradually improved led to the approval of three genève conventions in march 1931. the said conventions were accepted by most countries ...

This paper reviews the ways in which memory disorders and memory distortions arise in the criminal courts. Amnesia for offences is considered in terms of automatisms, alcohol, and crimes of passion. False memories arise in false confessions, allegations of false memory for child sexual abuse, and, just occasionally, with respect to delusional memories. More generally, memory and neuropsychiatri...

Cyberbullying, in its different forms, is common among children and adolescents and is facilitated by the increased use of technology. The consequences of cyberbullying could be severe, especially on mental health, potentially leading to suicide in extreme cases. Although parents, schools and online social networking sites are encouraged to provide a safe online environment, little is known abo...

in iranian law, the claims of medical civil responsibility (medical negligence) can be resolved on the basis of traditional rules of civil responsibility (tort), and there is no special law in this regard. through the legal systems of the would (specially french law) medical civil responsibility system has been changed a lot. these changes have been for the compensation of the victims of medica...