during pregnancy, the need of mother and fetus to iron gradually increases and will reach at its most level at the end of the pregnancy. this study was preformed to evaluate the knowledge and practice of pregnant women in fars province about supplements containing iron intake. data collection was a questionnaire completed by face to face interview using simple nonrandom sampling method in 2997 ...

In this study, we investigated whether antler fermented with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) increases mitochondrial biogenesis and muscle strength in vitro vivo. LAB from a strain library were grown extract agar at the Yakult Central Research Institute of Korea. Isolated LAB, named Lactobacillus curvatus HY7602, used to ferment antlers. Analysis effects (FA) revealed that it enhanced insulin-like g...

*Many methods for measuring creatine are known, the principal ones being direct calorimetric assay (l), indirect calorimetric assay (2), and destruction with bacterial adaptive enzymes (3). However, none of these methods are specific nor are they sensitive enough to detect very small amounts of creatine. rIhese assays have been used to examine urine and serum for creatine content, but, because ...

this study aimed at investigating the effect of bcaas consumption on wrestlers' creatine kinase (ck) activity in a three-month depth jump exercise. for this purpose, 22 male wrestlers from zanjan province (age 21.54±3.52 yr, weight 66.18±3.76 kg, height 168.36±2.41 cm, bmi 23.34±1.97 kg/m2) were randomly selected and divided into two groups. during the mentioned period, both groups had the...

Muscle cells do not synthesize creatine; they take up exogenous creatine by specific Na+-dependent plasma membrane transporters. We found that extracellular creatine regulates the level of expression of these creatine transporters in L6 rat muscle cells. L6 myoblasts maintained for 24 hr in medium containing 1 mM creatine exhibited 1/3rd of the creatine transport activity of cells maintained fo...

This study was designed to determine whether the supplement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) could attenuate strain-induced oxidative damage to skeletal muscle in rats. Experimental animals were injured in right gastrocnemius muscles by a strain injury model. SOD-treated groups were given Cu/Zn SOD 10 000 U/kg body weight per day since injured, while control groups were given normal saline. Parame...

For the athlete training hard, nutritional supplements are often seen as promoting adaptations to training, allowing more consistent and intensive training by promoting recovery between training sessions, reducing interruptions to training because of illness or injury, and enhancing competitive performance. Surveys show that the prevalence of supplement use is widespread among sportsmen and wom...

Current sports nutrition guidelines recommend that athletes only take supplements following an evidence-based analysis of their value in supporting training outcomes or competition performance in their specific event. While there is sound evidence to support the use of a few performance supplements under specific scenarios (creatine, beta-alanine, bicarbonate, caffeine, nitrate/beetroot juice a...

Dietary supplements are widely used at all levels of sport. Changes in patterns of supplement use are taking place against a background of changes in the regulatory framework that governs the manufacture and distribution of supplements in the major markets. Market regulation is complicated by the increasing popularity of Internet sales. The need for quality control of products to ensure they co...

This study was designed to determine whether the supplement of energy compound could attenuate strain-induced damage to skeletal muscle in rats. Energy compound is a saline mixture of the following ingredients: ATP (10mg), Coenzyme-A (50 units), Coenzyme-Q(10) (50mg), Cytochrome C (30 mg) and Vitamin B(6) (50mg). Experimental animals were injured in right gastrocnemius muscles by a strain injur...