Leontiasis ossea (leonine facies) or cervical canal stenosis are rare complications of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (PFD). This case report documents dramatic leontiasis ossea in PFD as well as post traumatic cervical cord contusion due to hyperextension injury in a patient with generalized PFD involving the cranio-facial bones, axial skeleton and entire spine with secondary cervical canal ste...

A diploid/triploid karyotype is an uncommon but important cause of true hermaphroditism and ambiguous genitalia. Individuals have a recognisable phenotype and characteristic hydatidiform placental changes. We report a 46,XX/69,XXY chimeric hermaphrodite. This case highlights the typical features (large placenta, intrauterine growth retardation, asymmetric growth, cranio-facial anomalies, syndac...

i n a survey of pneumonia due to mycoplasma 282 out of 12168 ovine and caprine lung condemnation were collected (2.32%). mycoplasma spp. has been isolated from pneumonic cases in 4 sheep and 2 goats. pcr studies were confirmed the genus of mycoplasma although attempting for identification of strains m. mycoides, m. capricolum/caprine pleuropneumonia and m. arginin were in failure. the lesions i...

Mucinous adenocarcinoma (MAC) is commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract but head and neck localisations are very rare. This article presents the case of a 67-year-old patient suffering from a minor salivary gland MAC of the left buccal mucosa, who was treated in the Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery in Krakow due to multiple recurrences of the tumour. The results of immunohistoch...

Plexiform neurofibroma (PN) is a rare benign tumor and a special subtype of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Though the incidence is low, giant PN of the craniomaxillofacial region could result in severe hemifacial hypertrophy which is known as a typical manifestation of NF1 in young children. Here, we retrospectively reported a giant plexiform neurofibroma with hemorrhage in the cranio-maxillof...

The distinguishing feature of the 2nd cervical vertebra (axis) is presence of odontoid process (dens) which articulates with anterior arch of atlas, and acts as a pivot around which atlas with skull rotates [1]. Severe neck pain and sudden unexpected death may occur due to skeletal abnormalities at the cranio-cervical junction or cervical region and is associated with neurological signs and sym...

Osteonecrosis after craniofacial radiation (ORN), osteomyelitis and bisphosphonates related necrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) are the predominant bone diseases in Cranio- and Maxillofacial surgery. Although various hypothesis for the pathophysiological mechanisms including infection, altered vascularisation or remodelling exist, the treatment is still a challenge for clinicians. As the classical phar...

The associations between dimensions of the first cervical vertebra, atlas, and a representative set of craniofacial and postural variables were studied on cephalometric radiographs of a sample of 103 adult males aged 22-30 years, recorded in the natural head position (mirror position). Atlas morphology was expressed by nine variables, linear and angular craniofacial dimensions by 27 variables, ...

It has been hypothesized that a major objective of morphological adaptation in limb-bone diaphyses is the achievement of uniform regional safety factors between discrete cortical locations (e.g. between cranial and caudal cortices at mid-diaphysis). This hypothesis has been tested, and appears to be supported in the diaphyses of ovine and equine radii. The present study more rigorously examined...

Anthropometry is the hallmark technique that deals with the study of body proportion and absolute dimensions that vary widely with age and sex within and between racial groups. Over the centuries, there have been remarkable changes in Anthropometric measurements due to geographical, cultural, genetic and environmental factors as well as worldwide mingling of races. The aim of this study was to ...