we give further results for perron-frobenius theory on the numericalrange of real matrices and some other results generalized from nonnegative matricesto real matrices. we indicate two techniques for establishing the main theorem ofperron and frobenius on the numerical range. in the rst method, we use acorresponding version of wielandt's lemma. the second technique involves graphtheory.

To overcome the problems of coverage blind areas and redundancy when sensor nodes are deployed randomly in heterogeneous wireless networks (HWSNs). An optimal method for HWSNs based on an improved social spider optimization (SSO) algorithm is proposed, which can reduce energy consumption improve network coverage. First, a mathematical model HWSN established, complex combinatorial problem. globa...

Advances in sensor and communication technologies have made it possible to manufacture small sensors with sensing, processing, and wireless communication capabilities in a costeffective fashion. A sensor network can be formed by deploying specialized sensors in the region of interest to perform certain sensing and networking tasks. Application scenarios of wireless sensor networks include battl...

The problem of constrained coverage path planning involves a robot trying to cover maximum area of an environment under some constraints that appear as obstacles in the map. Out of the several coverage path planning methods, we consider augmenting the linear sweep-based coverage method to achieve minimum energy/ time optimality along with maximum area coverage. In addition, we also study the ef...

The problem of constrained coverage path planning involves a robot trying to cover maximum area of an environment under some constraints that appear as obstacles in the map. Out of the several coverage path planning methods, we consider augmenting the linear sweep-based coverage method to achieve minimum energy/ time optimality along with maximum area coverage. In addition, we also study the ef...

This paper deals with the threshold radius that warrants the use of single restraining rail for transit and railroads. Different railways use different threshold radius from 91m to 365m to provide restraining rail. These threshold figures are probably experience driven choices. The need for restraining rail may be related to a so-called derailment alarm coefficient of 1.2 sustained over 2m leng...

background: mal::::union:::: is the most common complication following distal radius fractures. aim of this study was to evaluate the results of distal radius corrective osteotomy and plate fixation by dorsal approach in the mal::::union::::. methods: in this retrospective study, 14 patients with neglected distal radius mal::::union:::: from 2005 to 2011 were studied. all patients were treated ...

the average distance of a vertex $v$ of a connected graph $g$is the arithmetic mean of the distances from $v$ to allother vertices of $g$. the proximity $pi(g)$ and the remoteness $rho(g)$of $g$ are defined as the minimum and maximum averagedistance of the vertices of $g$. in this paper we investigate the difference between proximity or remoteness and the classical distanceparameters diameter a...

background: mal:::::union::::: is the most common complication following distal radius fractures. aim of this study was to evaluate the results of distal radius corrective osteotomy and plate fixation by dorsal approach in the mal:::::union:::::. methods: in this retrospective study, 14 patients with neglected distal radius mal:::::union::::: from 2005 to 2011 were studied. all patients were tr...

The project focuses on examining the advantages of random verification with real examples. Random verification has two necessary parts, hierarchical testbench and coverage metrics. The layered testbench allows a verifier to improve the coverage by only modifying the randomization constraints at the highest level of abstraction. Although it might take a verifier more time to build such hierarchi...