This paper studies the deterrent e↵ect of criminal enforcement on white-collar criminal activities. Using the 9/11 terrorist attacks as a shock to the FBI’s allocation of investigative resources and priorities, and variations in the Muslim population in the United States as a measure of geographic variations in the shock, I examine two questions: (1) Does the bureau’s shift to counter-terrorism...

The increasing attention to counter-terrorism practices through and de-radicalisation policies has not been matched by in-depth comprehensive studies on terrorism radicalisation.As a result, there is misconception of both, leading discriminatory policies, which allow certain groups the state commit violence take freedom from stigmatised as radical.This study seeks examine radicalism exploring i...

Terrorism with weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) is an urgent threat to homeland security. The process of counter-WMD terrorism often involves multiple government and terrorist group players, which is under-studied in the literature. In this paper, first we consider two subgames: a proliferation game between two terrorist groups or cells (where one handling the black market for profits prolife...

Forming part of its wider counter-terrorism apparatus, the United Kingdom’s “Prevent duty” imposes a legal requirement on various sectors to show “due regard need prevent people from bein...

The article explores the opinion of officers Independent Counter-Terrorist Sub-Division Regional Police Headquarters in Cracow (ICTS RPH) on police counter-terrorism preparedness Poland. In view many clandestine activities field counter-terrorism, it was concluded that only assessment those involved can be reliable. It is assumed knowledge issue gives proper basis for reliable conclusions and r...

Cybercrime is any IT-based criminal offense. Because freely accessing to the Internet, cybercriminal entities threaten everyone, everywhere, every day. From remote individuals to the most powerful governments, none is absolutely immune from cybercrime constantly-mutating and devastating operations. Fortunately, there are scientific methods and technological means to counter it. This paper attem...

The article aims to analyze and evaluate current trends in the global efforts suppress a unique field financing of terrorism – terrorist salaries. study seeks cast new light on origins implications economy that deals with salaries, rewards, other benefits paid terrorists. purpose policy salaries is halt by disrupting channels funding diminishing economic viability activity. include diverse cons...

This article discusses Indonesia’s strategy to overcome terrorism which is slightly different from the global approach counter-terrorism that uses a war and involves regular troops. The Indonesian results tug-of-war between government civil forces, namely Islamic groups human rights organizations. Civil society groups, some extent, have succeeded in preventing use of military methods harmful im...

"What's past is prologue" Shakespeare wrote. Those words have relevance today with respect to the recent and future global security environment. The 1990s were a time of transition and turmoil as familiar Cold War issues, precepts, structures, and strategies gave way to new security paradigms and problems. That transition continues, with the end nowhere in sight. In fact, I expect the next 10 t...