The wetting of surfaces by water often leads to corrosion and degradation. Data provided by the military services indicate that corrosion is the number one cost driver in lifecycle costs. The total cost incurred by the DoD for corrosion related issues has been estimated to be as high as $20 billion per year. The wetting of materials by hydrocarbons in automotive and aerospace applications often...

dye-sensitized solar cells present promising low-cost alternatives to the conventional silicon (si)-based solar cells. the counter electrode  generally consists of pt deposited onto fto plate. since pt is rare and expensive metal, nanostructured carbonaceous materials have been widely investigated as a promising alternative to replace it. carbon nanotubes  have shown significant properties such...

Product designers must continually assess trade-offs among various performance attributes and cost. Materials choice can play an important role in that decision-making process. Materials affect many aspects of a product and firm—architecture, manufacture, and product performance. This paper examines the interrelationship of these early stage design choices through the application of process-bas...

Part I and part II of the paper in the same series, Review Microwave Processing of Materials: Part I and Review Microwave Processing of Materials: Part II, described the fixed frequency microwave processing of materials and variable frequency processing of materials respectively. This paper, Review Microwave Processing of Materials: Part III, details the simulation of fixed and variable frequen...

Organic packages for High Frequencies Applications are becoming a real need to meet cost/performance targets for Telecom applications and in growing sectors driven by higher frequency requirements. A study of foundamental properties required to an organic package to be implemented for these range of applications is presented. Some past experiences have demonstrated that with current designs and...

-In present days, automobile industries are rapidly increased. All the automobile industries are in the process of supplying the vehicles at low cost. The major cost of the automobile components is its body parts. As per the European Union and Asian countries automotive components end life is very important factor in the design of the automotive. So everybody is concentrating on new materials w...

Coursebooks are normally written to contain information, instruction, exposure, and activities that learn- ers at a particular level need to enhance their communicative competence in the target language. Howev- er, many global course books make attempts to include content, topics, and texts that do not disadvantage any learner around the world. That is why global course books normally do ...

The global search for more eco-friendly, cost-effective and alternative sculpture materials to be used in the deployment of teaching learning has been pursued by scholars lately. This driven need find local environment students, especially waste replace expensive conventional that cannot purchased majority students at Senior School level Ghana. Therefore, purpose this study was experiment with ...