In this paper, we describe the effectiveness of combination between an organic solvent system mixture with orthoformates different chain sizes from one to four carbon atoms. These orthoesters have been used as a “water trapper/alcohol releaser molecule” reach notable improvement in enantioselectivity and enantiomeric excess our target compound, (S)-2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propanoic acid (ibuprofen ...

Cyclohexanol is an organic chemical intermediate product widely used in chemical<br /> industry and commonly produced by cyclohexene hydration. Because of the low mutual<br solubility water, reaction limited equilibrium,<br which has disadvantage conversion cyclohexene. In this paper, hydration catalysed A-36 cation exchange resin catalyst was analysed Aspen Plus V8.6 simulation sof...

A macroion, having anisotropic surface charge density distribution, shows unique self-assembly behaviour in polar solvents. Regular "blackberry"-like assemblies form in methanol-water mixtures due to counter-ion mediated attraction and the strong contribution of hydrogen bonding. However, rod-like assemblies form in acetone-water mixtures as the charge inhomogeneity effect overcomes the non-dir...

Dielectric spectra of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/water mixtures, over the entire concentration range, have been measured using the transmission line method at frequencies from 45 MHz to 26 GHz and at temperatures of 298-318 K. The relaxation times of the mixtures show a maximum at an intermediate molar fraction of DMSO. The specific structure of mixtures in different concentration regions was de...

Mixtures of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) occur ubiquitously in aquatic environments, yet relatively little is known regarding their potential to produce non-additive toxicity (i.e., antagonism or potentiation). A review of the lethality of metal-PAH mixtures in aquatic biota revealed that more-than-additive lethality is as common as strictly additive effects. Approaches to...

We demonstrate that the proton dissociation reaction of excited 1-aminopyrene follows a simple structure-reactivity correlation in water-methanol, water-DMSO, water-dioxane, and wateracetonitrile binary mixtures. The role of the proton free energy of transfer from pure water to the binary mixtures, AGtwqS(H+) in determining the rate of transfer is also demonstrated. We have extended our analysi...

Water oxidation catalysed by iridium oxide nanoparticles (IrO2 NPs) in water-acetonitrile mixtures using [RuIII(bpy)3]3+ as oxidant was studied as a function of the water content, the acidity of the reaction media and the catalyst concentration. It was observed that under acidic conditions (HClO4) and at high water contents (80% (v/v)) the reaction is slow, but its rate increases as the water c...

Water oxidation catalysed by iridium oxide nanoparticles (IrO2 NPs) in water–acetonitrile mixtures using [Ru(bpy)3] 3+ as oxidant was studied as a function of the water content, the acidity of the reaction media and the catalyst concentration. It was observed that under acidic conditions (HClO4) and at high water contents (80% (v/v)) the reaction is slow, but its rate increases as the water con...

The apparent strength of absorptions due to H2O near 1.9 and 3 μm in reflectance spectra is strongly affected by sample albedo. This study uses experimental and analytical approaches to quantify the effects of albedo on estimating the water content of hydrated minerals using various band parameters. We compare spectral band parameters for a series of low-albedo physical and numerical mixtures t...