We study the generation of cosmological perturbations during the Hagedorn phase of string gas cosmology. Using tools of string thermodynamics we provide indications that it may be possible to obtain a nearly scale-invariant spectrum of cosmological fluctuations on scales which are of cosmological interest today. In our cosmological scenario, the early Hagedorn phase of string gas cosmology goes...

I review various ideas on MOND cosmology and structure formation beginning with non-relativistic models in analogy with Newtonian cosmology. I discuss relativistic MOND cosmology in the context of Bekenstein’s theory and propose an alternative biscalar effective theory of MOND in which the acceleration parameter, a0 is identified with the cosmic time derivative of a matter coupling scalar field...

Three different methods of measuring cosmology with gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been proposed since a relation between the γ-ray energy Eγ of a GRB jet and the peak energy Ep of the νFν spectrum in the burst frame was reported by Ghirlanda and coauthors. In Method I, to calculate the probability for a favored cosmology, only the contribution of the Eγ − Ep relation that is already best fitted ...

This paper outlines some key features of Chinese cosmology and discusses its significance on contemporary philosophical issues. Contrary to popular approaches to comparative philosophy, I aim to offer a holistic picture of Chinese cosmology by examining its own concerns and its internal dynamics. In particular, I have traced the development of Chinese cosmology from the Shang dynasty to the Son...