A series of national roadside breath test surveys designed to determine the number of drinking drivers on the roads in the US have been conducted over the last 25 years. The first o f these surveys was conducted in 1973 and a second in 1986. This paper reports on the third national survey conducted in the fall o f 1996 and its relation to trends in crashes involving drivers with high blood alco...

At the studied hospital, physicians from the Medical and Surgical Departments work some of their shifts in the Emergency Department (ED). Though icons showing the blood-test process were introduced on electronic whiteboards in the ED, these icons did not lead to increased attention to test acknowledgement. Rather, the physicians, transferred work practices from their own departments, which did ...

Compressed video bitstreams are intended for real-time transmission over communication networks. Most of the video coding standards employ the temporal and spatial prediction structure to reduce the transmitted video data. Therefore, the coded video bitstreams are highly sensitive to information loss and channel errors. Even a single bit error can lead to disastrous quality degradation in both ...

This paper introduces a new terrain mapping method for mobile robots with a 2-D laser rangefinder. In the proposed method, an elevation map and a certainty map are built and used for the filtering of erroneous data. The filter, called Certainty Assisted Spatial (CAS) filter, first employs the physical constraints on motion continuity and spatial continuity to distinguish corrupted pixels (e.g.,...

Recent research has shown that deep neural network is very powerful for object recognition task. However, training the deep neural network with more than two hidden layers is not easy even now because of regularization problem. To overcome such a regularization problem, some techniques like dropout and de-noising were developed. The philosophy behind de-noising is to extract more robust feature...

The provisioning of an appropriate level of perceptual speech quality is crucial for the successful deployment of Voice over the Internet Protocol (VoIP). Today’s heterogeneous multimedia networks include links that introduce bit errors into the voice data stream. These errors are detected by the IP packet transport protocol and result in packet losses which eventually degrade the speech qualit...

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is a recently popularized technique for learning partsbased, linear representations of non-negative data. The traditional NMF is optimized under the Gaussian noise or Poisson noise assumption, and hence not suitable if the data are grossly corrupted. To improve the robustness of NMF, a novel algorithm named robust nonnegative matrix factorization (RNMF) i...

A feature estimation technique is proposed for speech signals that are corrupted by both additive and convolutive noises via combining channel identification with power spectrum estimation. A correlation-matching algorithm is developed for channel identification, and a Gaussian mixture density model of speech DFT spectra is formulated for estimation of speech power spectra. Cepstral features of...