Classical and quantum aspects of fluctuations are reviewed in a discussion on the universality of the second law. Consideration is given to the need of information and the requirement of a ratchet and pawl-type mechanism for the utilization of energy from fluctuations. Some aspects of the quantum theory of the Copenhagen school are compared to those of Bohm within the discussion.

J. E. Cisternas, P. Daza, T. Asahi, T. B. Dyrby, and K. Fritzsche Engineering School, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, RM, Chile, Center for Mathematical Modelling, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark, Division of Medical and Biological Informatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ...

Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang [email protected] Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanf stanford.edu Department of Neuroscience and Pharmaco Copenhagen, Denmark. E-mail: [email protected] Department of Life Sciences, Imperial Colleg [email protected] Department of Cell Physiology and Mole Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Lubbock, TX 79430, USA. E-mail: lan.guan@ † Electr...

B. Dalsgaard ([email protected]), D. Nogu é s-Bravo, Z. Wang, and C. Rahbek, Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Univ. of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø , Denmark. – K. Tr ø jelsgaard, B. Sandel, J.-C. Svenning and J. M. Olesen, Dept of Bioscience, Aarhus Univ., Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. – A. M. Mart í n Gonz á lez, Pacifi c Ecoinform...

This study concerns differences in the perception of phonemes that have undergone near merger within the past few generations in the Copenhagen speech community. It is hypothesized that this process can lead to a difference in phoneme boundaries across generations. We studied the effect of speaker and listener age on the placement of the phoneme boundary between /ɛ/ and /a/ in Copenhagen Danish...

Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore; The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK; National Institute of Health Research University C...