background and purpose: delirium is a clinical syndrome with cognitive disorder, which occurs within a short time in the admitted patients, specially the elderly. regarding the fact that one third of the delirium incidences is preventable, applying nursing preventive measures is an issue of fundamental importance. the present study aimed to perform a systematic review over the nursing preventiv...

purpose: to determine the prevalence and causes of blindness and low vision in yazd provice in 2008. methods: a population-based cross-sectional study was performed on inhabitants of in yazd province in 2008. using multistage cluster sampling, sample size was calculated based on the distribution of the total population of yazd province derived from national census and estimated rates of blindne...

Whiplash injury usually occurs in traffic accidents. Persons experienced this injury might have an impairment of proprioception clinically expressed as inability to determine the exact position of their heads. The aim of this study was to examine the loss of proprioception in people who had a whiplash injury. The study included 60 subjects with cervical spine injury, aged 20 to 50 years and 60 ...

interorganizational coordination (ioc) is a critical part of planning, because planning mostly involves multiple organizational interactions. investment and employment are considered as multi-dimensional and multi-sectional challenges that the management of them requires intersectional and interorganizational cooperation. the goal of this research is the investigation of the interorganizational...

The role of electro-acupuncture (EA) stimulation on motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) has not been well studied. In a rat hemiparkinsonian model induced by unilateral transection of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB), EA stimulation improved motor impairment in a frequency-dependent manner. Whereas EA stimulation at a low frequency (2 Hz) had no effect, EA stimulation at a high frequenc...

Neuronal death represents the primary pathology of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson’s disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. These diseases usually present with a slow onset and a chronic progression. Various regions of the brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nerves may be affected, leading to functional impairment and neuron loss. Neurodegenerative diseases are of...

Semantic memory refers to our long-term knowledge of word and object meaning. There is increasing evidence that rather than being a passive warehouse of knowledge, semantic memory is a dynamic system whose effectiveness relies on the coordination of multiple components distributed across a large network of cortical regions. Damage to one or more of these components produces distinct profiles of...

What effects do factors that impair or enhance performance in individuals have when these individuals act in groups? We provide a framework, called the GIE ("Effects of Grouping on Impairments and Enhancements") framework, for investigating this question. As prominent examples for individual-level impairments and enhancements, we discuss sleep deprivation and caffeine. Based on previous researc...

Injecting tetrodotoxin (TTX) into one hippocampus impaired avoidance of a place defined by distal cues while rats were on a slowly rotating arena. The impairment could be explained by a deficit in memory, navigation, or behavioral inhibition. Here, we show that the TTX injection abolished the ability of rats to organize place-avoidance behavior specifically when distal room and local arena cues...

A unified, biochemical hypothesis is proposed to explain the pathogenesis of homocysteinemia. This hypothesis is based on the existence of coordinate regulation by S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) of the partitioning of homocysteine between de novo methionine synthesis and catabolism through cystathionine synthesis. This coordination, which serves to modulate the cellular concentration of homocystein...