INTRODUCTION In recent years, studies of the reaction rates of small molecules in the presence of synthetic polymers containing catalytically active functions have contributed significantly to the understanding of the mechanism of enzyme behaviour1. Of particular interest in the field of polymeric catalysis have been the studies of the solvolyses of esters catalyzed by polymers containing pende...

The activity of a Te-MgO catalyst prepared by adsorbing Te vapor onto MgO powder was determined by dehydrogenation of indane, 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene, cumene, and p-cymene. The activity of the Te-MgO catalyst was higher than that of the MgO catalyst in most of the cases investigated. The selectivity of the former catalyst was much higher than that of the later in all cases studied. The Te-MgO ...

Cooperative learning has been found to affect different aspects of language learning by many researchers (e.g., Kagan, 1995; Kagan, 1999; Kessler, 1992; McGroarty, 1993). Likewise, mobile assisted language learning (MALL) has revealed significant impacts on the improvement of different language skills and components (e.g., Comas-Quinn et al. 2009; Divitini & Chabert, 2009; Motallebzadeh & Ganja...

Cooperative and gradual covering are two new methods for developing covering location models. In this paper, a cooperative maximal covering location–allocation model is developed (CMCLAP). In addition, both cooperative and gradual covering concepts are applied to the maximal covering location simultaneously (CGMCLP). Then, we develop an integrated form of a cooperative gradual maximal covering ...

The synthesis of α-aryl-β2-amino esters through enantioselective aminomethylation an arylacetic acid ester in high yields and enantioselectivity via cooperative isothiourea Brønsted catalysis is demonstrated. scope limitations this process are explored (25 examples, up to 94 % yield 96:4 er), with applications the (S)-Venlafaxine⋅HCl (S)-Nakinadine B. Mechanistic studies consistent a C(1)-ammon...

Catalytic chemoselective reactions of innately less reactive functionalities over more are described. A cooperative catalyst comprising a soft Lewis acid/hard Brønsted base enabled activation hydroxyl group an amino group, allowing for nucleophilic addition to electron-deficient olefins. The reaction could be applicable variety alcohols, including pharmaceuticals, without requiring tedious prot...

The reactions to produce liquid biofuels from a palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) under hydrogen absence were carried out using 10 wt% NiO/zeolite (Ni/Zeo), Co3O4/zeolite (Co/Zeo), and (NiO + Co3O4)/zeolite (NiCo/Zeo) as catalysts. zeolite was synthesized by thermal chemical treatment natural clay, obtaining A sodalite mixture. Catalytic activity evaluated function of reaction temperature (250,...

Herein, we report a multifunctional chemoenzymatic nanoreactor (NanoNOx) for the glucose-controlled regeneration of natural and artificial nicotinamide cofactors. NanoNOx are built glucose oxidase-polymer hybrids that assemble in presence an organometallic catalyst: hemin. The design hybrid is optimized to increase effectiveness directional channeling at low substrate concentration. Importantly...

This article updates the most appealing progresses from last years in fast-expanding, burgeoning research field that is photothermal heterogeneous catalysis. We provide an overview of significant advances realized less-scrutinized, albeit high-prospect, reactions, namely valorization bio-resources, methane activation, ammonia synthesis, and molecular oxygen activation for selective oxidations. ...