INTRODUCTION The purpose of our study was to determine whether hypothermia has any effects on physiological hemodynamic responses to epinephrine (Epi), and whether rewarming reverses these effects. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were instrumented to measure mean arterial pressure (MAP), and left ventricular (LV) pressure-volume changes were recorded by using a Millar pressure-volume conductance ...

heat exchangers are the critical components of refrigeration and liquefaction processes. selection of appropriate operational conditions for cryogenic recuperative heat exchanger and expansion valve operating in joule-thomson cooling system results in improving the performance and efficiency. in the current study, a straightforward procedure is introduced to design an efficient joule-thomson co...

The present study evaluated the effect of neck-cooling during exercise on repeated sprint ability in a hot environment. Seven team-sport playing males completed two experimental trials involving repeated sprint exercise (5 × 6 s) before and after two 45 min bouts of a football specific intermittent treadmill protocol in the heat (33.0 ± 0.2°C; 53 ± 2% relative humidity). Participants wore a nec...

Compensatory growth where animals compensate for time stress or transient nutritional or thermal stress by accelerating their growth rate is widespread. We know, however, relatively little about the evolution and ecological correlates of compensatory growth. For this we need studies on congeneric species with known phylogenetic relationships that also focus on the associated largely understudie...

A process model of the soil-tree-atmosphere continuum, which treats the plant physiology, eco-physiology and vegetation structures in detail, needs to describe the dynamics of the water flow within this continuum. The concept of a soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC) (Philip, 1966) was first described by Huber (1924). In such a continuum, the removal of water lowers the water potential in the...

Temperature has a significant role in many actions performed on rocks. An example would be the effect of temperature on rocks in the burial of nuclear waste, geothermal energy extraction, deep oil well drilling, and fires in tunnels. In addition, due to diurnal/nocturnal as well as seasonal temperature variations, rocks undergo a process of heating and cooling. In the present work, the effect o...

Induced hypothermia can be used to protect the brain from post-ischemic and traumatic neurological injury. Potential clinical applications and the available evidence are discussed in a separate paper. This review focuses on the practical aspects of cooling and physiological changes induced by hypothermia, as well as the potential side effects that may develop. These side effects can be serious ...

1) Physiological Measureinelits As the methods for the physiological measurements are described in detail elsewhere (1) only a brief summary is given here. Skin temperatures were sensed with thermocouples at ten sites. Mean skin temperature was then calculated with weighting coefficients according to the HardyDuBois-formula (2). In the case of the multi-loop experiments a local mean skin temper...

Elephant movement patterns in relation to surface water demonstrate that they are a water-dependent species. Thus, there has been interest in using surface water management to mitigate problems associated with localized elephant overabundance. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying the elephant's water dependence remain unclear. Although thermoregulation is likely an important driver,...

Model-based control techniques are commonly applied to control the greenhouse climate. As well-known, these techniques require accurate models for adequate results. Several first-principle models have been developed for the greenhouse climate control problem considering all the physical and physiological processes. However, these models are too complex to be used for control purposes. On the ot...