Confined aquifers are formations surrounded by impermeable layers called cap rocks and bed rocks. These aquifers are suitable for the seasonal storage of thermal energy. A confined aquifer was designed to meet the cooling and heating energy needs of a residential building complex located in Tehran, Iran. The annual cooling and heating energy needs of the buildings were estimated to be 8.7...

The present study investigates the effectiveness of thermostat control strategy in cooling energy consumption in residential buildings. To evaluate the energy consumption, two scenarios including a residential zone with and without the thermostat control system are assumed. The TRNSYS software provides an efficient numerical tool to model and evaluate a cooling system. Furthermore, since solar-...

Formation of bulk metallic glass in quaternary Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni alloys by relatively slow cooling from the melt is reported. Thick strips of metallic glass were obtained by the method of metal mold casting. The glass forming ability of the quaternary alloys exceeds that of binary or ternary alloys containing the same elements due to the complexity of the system. The best glass forming alloys such as...

We present multiwavelength observations of a gamma-ray burst detected by INTEGRAL (GRB 030227) between 5.3 hours and ∼1.7 days after the event. Here we report the discovery of a dim optical afterglow (OA) that would not have been detected by many previous searches due to its faintess (R ∼ 23). This OA was seen to decline following a power law decay with index αR = −0.95± 0.16. The spectral inde...

The presence of mélange at the subduction interface influences numerous geochemical and geophysical processes. However, relationship between timescales development, deformation, resultant mass transport is poorly understood. Here, we use Sm-Nd garnet geochronology to elucidate timing peak metamorphism for five amphibolite tectonic blocks from amphibolite-facies zone Catalina Schist (Santa Islan...

An approach for constructing a discrete event supervisory controller is proposed in this paper that is based on the qualitative dynamic model of the controlled system described by coloured Petri nets (CPNs). The structure of the state space is explored and partitioned by generating the reachability graph of the controlled system. The supervisor is then constructed to avoid the system to reach s...

The supernova physics may provide a clue of the cosmological dark matter. In the absence of new physics, the supernova calculations do not explain the observed velocities of pulsars. However, if there exists a singlet fermion with mass in the 1–20 keV range and a small mixing with neutrinos, this particle could be emitted asymmetrically from a cooling neutron star in the event of a supernova ex...

We propose a general method to cool the translational motion of molecules. Our method is an extension of single photon atomic cooling which was successfully implemented in our laboratory. Requiring a single event of absorption followed by a spontaneous emission, this method circumvents the need for a cycling transition and can be applied to any paramagnetic or polar molecule. In our approach, t...

Conventional fault tree analysis in safety analysis of complex engineering systems calculates the occurrence probability of the top undesired event using probabilistic failure rates. However, it is often very difficult to obtain those failure rates well in advance due to insufficient data, environment changing or new components. Fuzzy numbers can be applied to estimate failure rates by handling...