This paper argues that for the study and facilitation of collaborative learning, existing theories of grounding such as that of Clark & Brennan [5] cannot be applied without adjustments. When comparing collaborative learning and conversation, four dimensions can be identified where grounding at a knowledge level differs from the grounding at an utterance level. Firstly, the indirect access and ...

In the last years the authors have developed a numerical formulation based on the Boundary Element Method for the analysis of grounding systems embedded in uniform soils. This approach has been implemented in a CAD system that currently allows to analyze real grounding grids in real-time in personal computers. The extension of this approach for the grounding analysis in layered soils is straigh...

In this paper, an efficient method is proposed to reduce the peak transient grounding resistance (P-TGR) of a grounding system. By surrounding the lifting line with a material volume, the P-TGR of the grounding system is greatly reduced. The effect of the surrounding volume conductivity and relative permittivity on the P-TGR is also tested. Second, the rectangular surrounding material volume is...

Ice-shelf buttressing and the stability of marinetype ice sheets are investigated numerically. Buttressing effects are analysed for a situation where a stable grounding line is located on a bed sloping upwards in the direction of flow. Such grounding-line positions are known to be unconditionally unstable in the absence of transverse flow variations. It is shown that ice-shelf buttressing can r...

Incorporating external knowledge into the response generation process is essential to building more helpful and reliable dialog agents. However, collecting knowledge-grounded conversations often costly, calling for a better pre-trained model grounded that generalizes well w.r.t. different types of knowledge. In this work, we propose KPT (Keyword-guided Pre-Training), novel self-supervised pre-t...

In this paper, we study tracking by language that localizes the target box sequence in a video based on query. We propose framework called GTI decomposes problem into three sub-tasks: Grounding, Tracking, and Integration. The sub-task modules operate simultaneously predict frame-by-frame. “Grounding” predicts referred region directly from “Tracking” history of grounded regions previous frames. ...