In this paper, we discuss the equivalent conditions of pretopological and topological $L$-fuzzy Q-convergence structures and define $T_{0},~T_{1},~T_{2}$-separation axioms in $L$-fuzzy Q-convergence space. {Furthermore, $L$-ordered Q-convergence structure is introduced and its relation with $L$-fuzzy Q-convergence structure is studied in a categorical sense}.

Quantization Table is responsible for compression / quality trade-off in baseline Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) algorithm and therefore it is viewed as an optimization problem. In the literature, it has been found that Classical Differential Evolution (CDE) is a promising algorithm to generate the optimal quantization table. However, the searching capability of CDE could be limited du...

We show on an abstract level that contextual equivalence in non-deterministic program calculi defined by mayand must-convergence is maximal in the following sense. Using also all the test predicates generated by the Boolean, foralland existential closure of mayand mustconvergence does not change the contextual equivalence. The situation is different if mayand total must-convergence is used, whe...

A class of nonconforming quadrilateral membrane elements, introduced by Sander and Beckers, is discussed in all details. It is proved that two elements that do not pass the patch test may still yield convergence under a suitable condition on mesh subdivisions, whereas one such element is found to be divergent for all mesh subdivisions. All other finite elements in this class that pass the patch...

Recently, Lin and Rokne [10] introduced the so-called Taylor-Bernstein form as an inclusion function form for multidimensional functions. This form was theoretically shown to have the super-convergence property. Here, we present an improvement of Lin and Rokne’s Taylor-Bernstein form to make it more effective in practice. We test and compare the super-convergence behavior of the proposed form w...

OBJECTIVE To assess asthenopia prevalence and associated factors in schoolchildren aged 6-16. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of all children attending the first to eighth grades at two public schools in the urban region of a medium-sized town in Southern Brazil between April and December 2012. A questionnaire on socioeconomic and cultural matters was answered by parents, while the c...

This paper examines the hypothesis that there is a single economic market for the international steam coal industry and investigates the degree of steam coal market integration over time. The long-run relations between international steam coal prices are tested through cointegration analysis and the Kalman Filter analysis is employed to examine the convergence path of the price series. A regres...

Poverty impacts hundreds of millions of people around the world. Poor nutrition, housing and living conditions, and other adverse effects from poverty have a lasting impact on those unfortunate enough to be in poverty. In this paper, I test for convergence of the Watts index of poverty across over forty countries over a period of fifteen years. My model is based on a previous model formulated b...

Adult and juvenile plumage characters were traced onto a well-resolved molecular based phylogeny for Picoides woodpeckers, and a simple phylogenetic test of homology, parallelism, and convergence of plumage characters was performed. Reconstruction of ancestral character states revealed multiple events of independent evolution of derived character states in most characters studied, and a concent...