Microporous materials, such as silicalite-1 and VSB-5 molecular sieves, have been synthesized by both microwave irradiation (MW) and conventional electric heating (CE). The accelerated syntheses by microwave irradiation can be quantitatively investigated by various heating modes conducted in two steps such as MW-MW, MW-CE, CE-MW, and CE-CE (in the order of nucleation-crystal growth). In the cas...

When traditional sintering techniques are used it is difficult to obtain dense materials with nanometric or submicrometric grain sizes. Microwave sintering was proposed as an alternative technique to overcome the problems of conventional fast heating. However, various problems usually occur when ceramics are sintered by direct microwave heating [1]. Hybrid heating techniques, which combine dire...

A series of five known asymmetric organocatalytic reactions was re-evaluated at elevated temperatures applying both microwave dielectric heating and conventional thermal heating in order to probe the existence of specific or nonthermal microwave effects. All transformations were conducted in a dedicated reactor setup that allowed accurate internal reaction temperature measurements using fiber-o...

0260-8774/$ see front matter 2010 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2010.11.019 ⇑ Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 509 335 2140; fax E-mail address: [email protected] (J. Tang). This study explored the application of radio frequency (RF) energy in conjunctionwith conventional hot air treatment to provide uniformheating for control ofmold in pre-packaged bread loaf. A 6 kW, 27.12 MHzRF system was...

Great advancements have been made in the ASHPs (air source heat pumps) due to concerns for energy crises and consciousness of sustainable development; however there is still a deadly shortcoming that limits its widespread applications, especially in the frozen areas. However the there are greater need for the ASHPs that can run smoothly in the frigid areas in North China due to the reasons as f...

Most conventional Raman thermometry for thermal properties measurement is on steady-state basis, which utilizes either Joule heating effect or two lasers configurations coupled with increased complexity of system or measurement uncertainty. In this work, a new comprehensive approach including both transient and steady-state Raman method is proposed for thermal properties measurement of micro/ n...

The application of the [Pd{C6H3(CH2CH2NH2)-4-OMe-5-κ2-C,N}(μ-Br)]2 complex of 2-methoxyphenethylamine in the Heck coupling reaction was considered under both conventional and microwave irradiation conditions, and their results were compared. This complex is an efficient, stable and non-sensit...

In this study, the crystallization behavior of a 65GeO2-15PbO-10MgF2-10MgO glass (prepared by the conventional melt quenching technique) has been investigated. The microstructure and crystallization behaviors of this glass were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), non-isothermal differential thermal analysis (DTA) and Fourier transform infrared spectr...

2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (TCP) sulfonate esters undergo effective aminolysis under conventional heating and microwave irradiation; the reactivity of these species is such that chemoselective transformations of PFP sulfonate esters can be achieved.

A powerful and convenient reaction procedure for the C-N coupling reaction (the Buchwald-Hartwig reaction), yielding products of N-arylanilines and N-arylamines in both conventional heating and microwave irradiation has been reported. The protocol utilizes a stable and new supper ferromagnetic nanoparticle chelating N-heterocyclic dicarbene palladium(II) complex (Pd-NHC) as catalyst which helps...