Often in practice when a large number of hypotheses are simultaneously tested, one is willing to allow a few false rejections, say at most k−1, for some fixed k > 1. In such a case, the ability of a procedure controlling an error rate measuring at least one false rejection can potentially be improved in terms of its ability to detect false null hypotheses by generalizing this error rate to one ...

Independent investigators have found that pain is related to health anxiety, trait anxiety, pain-related anxiety, and anxiety sensitivity. To date, the relationship among these anxiety-related constructs has not been studied directly and little is known about their relative ability to predict adjustment to pain over time. This paper presents longitudinal data from measures given to 227 musculos...

Researchers can rely either on retrospectively reported or on prospectively measured health changes to identify and quantify recent changes in respondents' health status. The two methods typically do not provide the same answers. We compare the validity of prospective versus retrospective measures of health changes by investigating their predictive power for subsequent mortality. Data from a co...

BACKGROUND Lower respiratory infection (LRI) is the leading cause of hospitalization for nursing home residents, but hospitalization is costly and may cause complications. OBJECTIVE We sought to compare mortality and cost between episodes of LRI initially treated in the hospital versus the nursing home after controlling for illness severity and the probability of hospitalization. DESIGN Thi...

Cerebral white matter hyperintensities on brain MRI (leukoaraiosis) are associated with increased risk of stroke and dementia. To assess the relationships of blood pressure level and circadian pattern with leukoaraiosis, we obtained 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure recordings and brain magnetic resonance images in 343 white and 267 black adults who were members of sibships that had >or=2 sibli...

BACKGROUND Maternal mortality has declined significantly since 1990. While better access to emergency obstetrical care is partially responsible, women's empowerment might also be a contributing factor. Gender equality composite measures generally include various dimensions of women's advancement, including educational parity, formal employment, and political participation. In this paper, we com...

a quasi experimental study was made to determine the effect of in-service education on knowledge, attitude and behavior for controlling hospital infections among nurses aids working in teaching hospitals supervised by the ministry of medical sciences and health care services (tehran,1994).   the sample consisted of 75 randomly selected nurses aids who answered the pre and post in service educat...

field experiments were conducted in amirkabir sugarcane agro-industry (khuzestan province, iran) farms to evaluate the efficacy of integrated chemical and mechanical methods in controlling weeds. experiments were carried out in a split plot-randomized complete blocks design with four replications. the main plot consisted of four mechanical treatments, namely: hilling up, sweep cultivator, disc ...

INTRODUCTION Studies analyzing the moderator role of self-efficacy have centered their attention on the relationship between stressors and distress. However, drawing upon the stress and coping model, the moderator effects of self-efficacy may appear in the relationship between other key elements of the stress process. OBJECTIVES AND METHOD The purpose of this study was to analyze, in a sample...