objectives to compare an out-of-plane interscalene catheter technique to the in-plane technique in a randomized clinical trial. patients and methods eighty-four patients undergoing open shoulder surgery were randomized to either the in-plane or out-of-plane ultrasound-guided continuous interscalene technique. the primary outcome was vas pain rating at 24 hours. secondary outcomes included pain ...

background and aims. orientation of the occlusal plane is one of the most important clinical procedures in prosthodontic rehabilitation of edentulous patients. the aim of this study was to define the best posterior reference point of ala-tragus line for orientation of occlusal plane for complete denture fabrication. materials and methods. fifty-three dental students (27 females and 26 males) wi...

This manuscript addresses trajectory tracking problem of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) on the horizontal plane. Adaptive sliding mode control is employed in order to achieve a robust behavior against some uncertainty and ocean current disturbances, assuming that disturbance and its derivative are bounded by unknown boundary levels. The proposed approach is based on a dual layer adaptive...

Software-defined networks (SDNs) allow greater control over network entities by centralizing the control plane, but place great burden on the administrator to manually ensure security and correct functioning of the entire network. We list several attacks on SDN controllers that violate network topology and data plane forwarding, and can be mounted by compromised network entities, such as end ho...

In the design of next generation IP networks a major problem is the mismatch between extremely high optical transmission rates and relatively slower electronic processing. OBS applies separate realizations of the network data plane and control plane in the optical and electrical domain, respectively. Classification and proper assembly of small IP packets to larger optical bursts at edge nodes a...

This paper presents PADS, a new policy architecture that makes it easier to develop distributed storage systems. PADS is based on two key ideas. First, a distributed storage system is implemented by specifying a control plane that embodies the design policy of the system over a data plane that provides a set of common mechanisms. Second, the control plane policy is separated into routing policy...

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a new emerging network architecture, which allows, among other things, an efficient convergence between circuit switching and packet switching. However, this convergence imposes a trade-off between control plane load and data plane efficiency: while the SDN controller needs to establish one or more paths (circuits) that can deliver the required bandwidth wit...

Software Define Network (SDN) is a recent paradigm based on the separation between the data plane and the control plane, allowing to handle the traffic network by means of software. The SDN ecosystem is fragmented due to the multitude of different controller platforms. This creates a danger of a controller lock-in for SDN application developers and for SDN network operator. In order to tackle t...

Optical or lambda exchanges have emerged to interconnect networks, providing dynamic switching capabilities on OSI layer 1 and layer 2. So far, the only inter-domain dynamics have occurred on layer 3, the IP layer. This new functionality in the data plane has consequences on the control plane. We explain this by comparing optical exchanges with current Internet exchanges. Descriptions of optica...

In reinforced concrete design, there are situations where transfer of shear across a specific plane needs to be considered. Examples of such situation include corbels, bearing shoes, ledger beam bearing, and a host of connection between precast concrete elements. In this study, the shear transfer behavior of reinforced concrete is investigated experimentally by conducting test on 6 precracked p...