The curvature of DIS structure functions like F p 2 (x,Q ), i.e., its second derivative with respect to the photon’s virtuality Q at fixed values of x, plays a decisive role in probing the range of validity of perturbative QCD evolutions of parton distributions in the small-x region. This has been observed recently [1, 2, 3, 4] and it was demonstrated that NLO(MS) evolutions imply a positive cu...

This paper presents the thermal vibration analysis of double-layer graphene sheet embedded in polymer elastic medium, using the plate theory and nonlocal continuum mechanics for small scale effects. The graphene is modeled based on continuum plate theory and the axial stress caused by the thermal effects is also considered. Nonlocal governing equations of motion for this double-layer graphene s...

The nonlinear bending behavior of sector graphene sheets is studied subjected to uniform transverse loads resting on a Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundation using the nonlocal elasticity theory. Considering the nonlocal differential constitutive relations of Eringen theory based on first order shear deformation theory and using the von-Karman strain field, the equilibrium partial differential eq...

Because of the substantial difference in stiffness between matrix and nanotube in CNT composite, the stress transfer between them controls their mechanical properties. This paper investigates the said issue, analytically and numerically, in axial load using representative volume element (RVE). The analytical model was established based on the modified Cox’s shear lag model with the use of some ...

This paper is intended to serve as a model for the first few chapters of future textbooks on continuum mechanics and continuum thermomechanics. It may be considered an update of the paper Lectures on the Foundations of Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics [N2] by one of us (W.N.), published in 1973, and an elaboration of topics treated in Part 3, entitled Updating the Non-Linear Field Theorie...

A literature review of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is presented. Emphasis is placed on the papers that analyse the impedance response of the cathode and anode half-cells of the PEMFCs based on a continuum-mechanics approach. The other type of analysis, which is based on the equivalent-circuits approach, is addressed for c...

Molecular dynamics (MD) is a computer simulation technique where the time evolution of a set of interacting atoms is approximated by integrating their equations of motion. Our goal is to explain the mathematical background of MD for practitioners and researchers in numerical analysis and computational mechanics. The vast majority of these practitioners and researchers work with continuum mechan...

We study the shapes of human red blood cells using continuum mechanics. In particular, we model the crenated, echinocytic shapes and show how they may arise from a competition between the bending energy of the plasma membrane and the stretching/shear elastic energies of the membrane skeleton. In contrast to earlier work, we calculate spicule shapes exactly by solving the equations of continuum ...

We discuss a dispersion relation in the photon mass and show how (in principle) model-independent constraints on the parton distribution functions of the photon, notably a momentum sumrule, can be obtained. We present two sets of parametrizations, SaS 1 and 2, corresponding to two rather extreme realizations of the non-perturbative part. Inclusive electron scattering off a real photon is found ...

We evolve virtual photon parton densities up to the SUSY threshold and higher using coupled inhomogeneous DGLAP differential equations. Reliable input parameterizations were available from the c-quark threshold. Limited P 2 ( target photon virtuality ) dependence is observed. The difference to the photon structure function is shown to be significant with the introduction of SUSY dependent split...