intertextuality of literary-historic figures is one of the artistic techniques of poetry in modern era being used a lot by contemporary arab poets. because of their proximity to arab contemporary poets, the previous classic poets have a great share of the call.among the previous poets, abul ‘ala al-ma‘arri, known as the philosopher of the poets, with his philosophical attitudes and strange life...

This paper unearths the contribution of lexical cohesion to the textuality and overall meaning of Malcolm X’s speech 'The Ballot or the Bullet'. Drawing on Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) and Hoey’s (1991) theory of cohesion, specifically lexical   cohesion, whose main thrust is the role of lexical items in not only contributing to meaning but also serving as cohesive ties, the paper discusses how ...

This essay surveys four articles of the section dedicated to the boundaries of fiction in literature, scientific discourse, and other areas of human creativity. The section is supposed to contribute to the study of a broad range of the problems of literary theory, such as the interaction between literature and other social practices, resulting in the creation of a particular discourse of ‘reali...

The Sangam literature consists of texts that explain the internal lives peoples from five ancient Tamil land divisions. In this anthology, Neythal explains life sea and fishermen who are dependent on also describes creatures marine life. Records fishes found among these species. 18 types fish in way. Similarly, writer conducted a field survey living Pamban village Rameswaram circle, Ramanathapu...

Scientific research is at the centre of two important literary works published in the early twentieth century: George Bernard Shaw's play The doctor's dilemma (1906), and Sinclair Lewis's novel, Arrowsmith (1925). Both deal with medical science, and in both the hero is an immunologist (or, in the terminology of the period, a specialist in the science of immunity). But the images of immunology i...

This article uses psychological and neural theories to illuminate the use of analogies in literary allegories. It shows how new theories of neural representation, encompassing both cognitive and emotional aspects, have the potential to make sense of many kinds of literary comparisons including allegories. The main text analyzed is George Orwell’s Animal Farm, whose effectiveness is discussed us...