Before remediating a site with contaminated soil or groundwater, the contaminant plume must first be characterized. This involves sampling the contaminant concentration at a set of locations in and around the contaminated area. To present the measured concentrations in a meaningful form, the concentrations are typically interpolated to the nodes of a three-dimensional grid and the plume is visu...

We simulated a sensor network that detects and tracks the release of harmful airborne contaminants in an urban environment. The simulation determines sensor placement in that environment. The effort required integration of models from computational fluid dynamics (CFDs), combinatorial optimization, and population mobility dynamics. These CFD models, coupled with population mobility models, faci...

The destruction of mass cultures of microalgae by biological contamination of culture medium is a pervasive and expensive problem, in industry and research. A mathematical model has been formulated that attempts to explain contaminant growth dynamics in closed photobioreactors (PBRs). The model simulates an initial growth phase without PBR dilution, followed by a production phase in which cultu...

In this study, SEDDEER (Sediment Deposition and Erosion), a stand-alone sediment and contaminant model which simulates one water box and the underlying multiple sediment bed layers, was incorporated into Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP7.4). WASP7.4 toxic module (TOXI7) was modified to include SEDDEER to develop WASP_SEDDEER model. Tests were designed to ensure that the coupling ...

Current multizone airflow network models assume air momentum effects, contaminant concentrations and air temperatures are uniformly and homogeneously distributed in a zone of a building. These assumptions can cause errors for zones where air and/or contaminant are not well mixed. A coupled multizone-CFD program has been developed to improve the multizone model by applying a CFD model to those p...

This paper studied the performance of a floor-supply displacement ventilation system using computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD). The experiment was carried out in a full-scale environmental chamber with a floor-supply system to obtain reliable flow information for the validation of a CFD program. The validated program was used further to evaluate the performance of the floor-supply displacement v...

One of the principal components of the contaminant load in urban stormwater runoff is oil and grease (O&G) pollution, resulting from vehicle emissions. A mulch layer was used as a contaminant trap to remove O&G (dissolved and particulate-associated naphthalene, dissolved toluene, and dissolved motor oil hydrocarbons) from a synthetic runoff during a bench-scale infiltration study. Approximately...

Intrusion of contaminants into water distribution networks requires the simultaneous presence of three elements; contamination source, pathway and driving force. The existence of each of these elements provides ‘partial’ evidence (typically incomplete and non-specific) to the occurrence of contaminant intrusion into distribution networks. Evidential reasoning, also called Dempster-Shafer (DS) t...

We developed a technique controlling contaminant Al3+ level using a combination of kinetics and thermodynamics at a pre-column derivatizing step in HPLC. The technique involves modifying a conventional HPLC of 8-quinolinol (Ox) complex with Al3+. The contaminant suppressing reagents, dihydroxyazobenzene (DHAB) and 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene (pyrogallol) were added to the Ox and pH buffer solutions...

In this paper, we propose a POD-based technique that is suitable for the design of reliable observers for the estimation of velocity field and contaminant flow for Navier–Stokes flow. POD modes are conccepted 7 December 2009 vailable online 13 January 2010 eywords: odel reduction roper orthogonal decomposition structed using the method snapshot. Karhunen–Loeve (Galerkin) projection to develop a...