The most common used methods for water disinfection were chemicals like chlorine, ozonation, ultraviolet radiation, membrane processes, etc. Water disinfection using irradiation techniques is new in water treatment industry which has been developed recently. The aim of the present study was to investigate radio frequency (RF) efficiency for the inactivation of total coliform (TC), fecal colifor...

In this research, a response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effects of independent parameters (pH, contact time, temperature, adsorbent dosage, and initial concentration of pollutant), their simultaneous interactions, and quadratic effects on crystal violet adsorption onto two starch based materials in the form of batch experiments. The characterizing results indicated th...

thermal contact conductance (tcc) between an exhaust valve and its seat is one of the important parameters to be estimated in an internal combustion engine. an experimental study presented here to acquire temperature in some interior points to be used as inputs to an inverse analysis. an actual exhaust valve and its seat are utilized in a designed and constructed setup. conjugate gradient metho...

A general condition for sharp transition of decay rate from quantum to thermal regimes is derived in dissipative tunneling models when positiondependent mass is involved. It is shown that the effect of dissipation in general changes the order of the phase transition. Especially, for the models with constant mass the Ohmic dissipation enlarges the range of parameters for first order phase transi...

We investigate several complexity issues related to branch-and-cut algorithms for 0-1 integer programming based on lifted cover inequalities (LCIs). We show that given a fractional point, determining a violated LCI over all minimal covers is NP-hard. The main result is that there exists a class of 0-1 knapsack instances for which any branch-and-cut algorithm based on LCIs has to evaluate an exp...

INTRODUCTION This paper describes the epidemiology and control of a community outbreak of novel influenza A (H1N1-2009) originating from a dance club in Singapore between June and July 2009. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cases of novel influenza A (H1N1-2009) were confirmed using in-house probe-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Contact tracing teams from the Singapore Ministry of Healt...

The ultimate life of a microelectronics component is often limited by failure of a solder joint due to crack growth through the laminate under a contact pad (cratering), through the intermetallic bond to the pad, or through the solder itself. Whatever the failure mode proper assessments or even relative comparisons of life in service are not possible based on accelerated testing with fixed ampl...

One of the famous dyes is methylene blue (MB) which is a symbol of hazardous dyes. In this research, methylene blue was adsorbed using the blends of saffron petals with activated carbon. Five independent variables involving pH (2-13), contact time (5-270 min), saffron petals powder dosage (0.1-10 g/l), initial concentration of methylene blue solution (20-300 ppm) and activated carbon dosage (0....